tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815461526347506062024-02-07T04:43:50.546+00:00CLEAN ENERGY PUNDITCLEAN ENERGY is energy that is limitless in availability, is ubiquitous, is pollution free, is capable to provide source to use proximity, empowers rural populations, does not deplete food, forest or water resources, does not deplete biomass, and does all that for generations to come. The challenge is to propagate and implement CLEAN ENERGY production throughout 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th(Favelas) Worlds, employing all its technological, humanist and democratic dimensions.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.comBlogger68125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-60093954838133980312016-10-25T16:57:00.000+01:002016-11-14T08:51:49.025+00:00Door Meten tot Weten<br />
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<i style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"In contrast to many
energetics studies of the past which focus on narrow segments, </span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">-- GENERAL ENERGETICS </span><i style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Energy in the Biosphere and Civilization -- </i></span></div>
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<i style="font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">presents a <span style="background-color: yellow;">'supersynthesis'</span>, linking biosphere and civilizational aspects, but still retains all the relevant critical energy storages, flows and conversions.</span></i></div>
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<i style="font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: yellow; line-height: 107%;">T</span><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="background-color: yellow;">he book is the first comprehensive, single-volume
treatment of all important aspects of biospheric and civilizational energetics.</span> </span></span></i></div>
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<i style="font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></i></div>
<i style="font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Since the 1960s, the growing activity in interdisciplinary analyses of complex
systems has resulted in the publication of major sectIonal syntheses in many
areas. This book combines these syntheses and the author's original
interdisciplinary research in various fields of energetics <u>over the past 25
years</u> to form a grand overview of energy's indispensability in natural
processes and in human affairs." </span></span></i></div>
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...<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">so advises the dust-cover blurb. And it was not only in 1991 the 'first comprehensive, single-volume treatment' of <i>'Energy in the Biosphere and Civilization'</i>, but remains so to this day, as far as I could find out. A view of the index will illustrate:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Long studying and learning from the writings of Vaclav Smil, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">e.g. in </span><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: #c00000;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">[30]</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #c00000; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2013/08/tyger-httpwww.html" style="text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2013/08/tyger-httpwww.html</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: #c00000;"><b> </b>[37]</span></span><span style="color: #c00000; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/03/tyger-tygers.html" style="text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/03/tyger-tygers.html</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: #c00000;"><b> </b> [38] </span></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"> <a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/04/tyger-of-continues.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/04/tyger-of-continues.html</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">and when <i>Amazon</i> found Smil's <i>GENERAL ENERGETICS </i>I had to have it - never mind the publication date of 1991; the whole gamut of <i>Energy in the Biosphere and Civilization</i> by the 'Einstein of Energetics' was not to be missed. Greatly rewarded when reading alone the guiding principles of this book --</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">from the Preface:</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">E</span>nergy is the only life and is</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">from the Body;</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">and Reason is the bound or outward circumference of Energy.</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Energy is the only delight.</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> William Blake</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>The Marriage of Heaven and Hell</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">and heading Chapter 1:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">A</span>nd the things best to know are first principles and causes.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>for through them and from them all other things may be known but not they through the things covered by them...</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>But these things, the most universal, are perhaps the most difficult things for men to grasp,</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>for they are farthest removed from the senses.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Aristotle</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Metaphysics</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">all of which brought to mind:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Door Meten tot
Weten</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Through Measurement to Knowledge</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">or due to the closer language affinity to German</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Durch Messen zu Wissen</span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Heike Kamerling Onnes</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><i>Dutch cryogenist and Nobel Laureate</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The remainder of the cover blurb:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: yellow;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>"GENERAL ENERGETICS stands apart owing to Its comprehensive, interdisciplinary,
evolutionary coverage. It progresses from a detailed look at the planetary energetics
(from solar radiation to earth tectonics), photosynthesis and heterotrophic
metabolism, to an assessment of human energetics and food needs. Next it traces
energetic foundations of all critical stages of </i></span><i style="font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Human evolution, from simple foraging to traditional
agricultures and complexification of pre-industrial societies to the emergence
of high energy fossil-fuelled civilization with its technical advances, social
and environmental consequences, and uncertain prospects. It concludes with
discussions of general patterns and trends of energy use, environmental
implications, and socioeconomic considerations.</i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i style="background-color: yellow;">The book is also unique for its unifying
approach based on several fundamental physical variables -- energy and power
densities and intensities -- that are used as common denominators of otherwise
disparate energy processes to assess the rates and limits of natural and
anthropogenic conversions. It also focuses on the essentials to present defensible
generalizations, outline critical processes, and portray a grand image of
natural and civilizational energetics. This book will be of great benefit for
readers from anthropologists to engineers and from biologists to historians." </i></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In the light of this last introductory paragraph alone, I would have thought that a more recent version of such an energetics overview must be available somewhere, but could not be found. And then I realised that the only reason I was able to obtain this invaluable overview of the whole gamut of energetics considerations was because a university exorcised it from its library:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Another similar instance happened when stumbling across <i>The Birth of Thermodynamics </i><span style="font-size: x-small;">cf. </span></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/07/thefour-laws-withoutwhich-nothing.html" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/07/thefour-laws-withoutwhich-nothing.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> [not forgetting its corollary: </span><span style="text-align: center;">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/09/eroei-or-iou.htm]</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">where another university resorted to similar exorcism of an historical scientific finding of lasting significance.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>“Once is happenstance. Twice is
coincidence. Three times, it's enemy action” -- </i>are there more instances of such university library clearances of significant publications providing insights of albeit historical milestones not to be forgotten or of 'context reckoners' </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">crying out to be brought up-to-date? </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">cf. </span></span><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2016/02/tyger-eureka.html" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2016/02/tyger-eureka.html</span></a> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The existing chapter headings in outline might continue to do their service:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">while first level subheadings might also serve as named if passing scrutiny:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">before their respective </span><i style="background-color: yellow; font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">fundamental physical variables</i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> are updated in line with the yellow highlighted quotation and paragraph above. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">My great hope would be that Vaclav Smil, a publisher and Bill Gates -- known proponent of Vaclav Smil -- </span></div>
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<a href="https://www.gatesnotes.com/Books/A-Rational-Look-at-Energy-Energy-Myths-and-Realities"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">https://www.gatesnotes.com/Books/A-Rational-Look-at-Energy-Energy-Myths-and-Realities</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.wired.com/2013/11/vaclav-smil-wired/">https://www.wired.com/2013/11/vaclav-smil-wired/</a></span>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">between them and co-opted others would find a solution to update and sustain this </span><i style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'<span style="background-color: yellow;">supersynthesis' .</span></i></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-26390744276093430322016-09-05T17:13:00.002+01:002016-09-06T18:19:25.253+01:00TYGER in WOLFE's CLOTHING<br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Possibly the most all-embracing WHODUNNIT ever written - and
it wasn’t the Butler either. Definitely needs reading from start to finish –
one long crescendo outperforming Ravel’s – with a virtuoso cadenza bound to
generate a long reverberation-time embracing not only individual brains but diverse
whole cultural fiefdoms. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Tom Wolfe: Jonathan Cape, London, 2016</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>COMMENT </b><span style="font-size: x-small;">added 06 SEP 2016:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It occurred to
me that a TYGER like Tom Wolfe might have a comment on Donald Trump – and found
an interview in The American Spectator at <a href="http://spectator.org/65918_tom-wolfes-view-trump/">http://spectator.org/65918_tom-wolfes-view-trump/</a> </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">from which I would like to quote this part:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> “<i>If
you go through our history, the strictly intellectual component of the
presidency is not all that important. Just look at Reagan. He was a huge
success. He was considered an idiot by half of the people in the political
field.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2008<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
I remember Henry Kissinger was at a university once, holding a seminar
for ten students and he didn’t know that his remarks were being recorded. And
he said something like, “You know, when you first meet Reagan and you spend a
half hour with him, you leave saying, ‘Oh my God, how could the future of the
free world be dependent on such a stupid guy?’” But then Kissinger said, “And
yet every move he makes is right.” Kissinger was horribly embarrassed when that
came out. The point is that decision making is not necessarily an intellectual
talent.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
One of the stories about Reagan that I remember is the time he went to
Germany to speak before the Berlin Wall. It was at the time when the Berlin
Wall was still a big factor. And so Reagan had a discussion with his advisers
about whether or not he should say that the “wall should come down.” And they
said, “Oh, don’t say that,” and then told him what he should say instead. But
when Reagan gave the speech, he said, “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall,” and
it was a real turning point in the Cold War. It was just Reagan’s gut reaction
to the facts.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This brought to mind something in relation to the fall of
the Berlin Wall in 1989 which I recently mentioned in one of my blogs -- <a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2016/08/brexit-musings.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2016/08/brexit-musings.html</a>
-- where I quote Vaclav Smil: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <i>“Russia, too, is part of my
Europe. Arguments about Russia’s place in (or outside of) Europe have been
going on for centuries… I have never understood the Western reluctance of the
Russian hesitancy to place the country unequivocally in Europe… its history,
music, literature, engineering, and science make it quintessentially European.”</i> p.93<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><u><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;">Global
Catastrophes and Trends</span></u></i><i><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;">[MIT Press,
2008]<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in relation to which I found this comment by Noam Chomsky:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i>“The near-universal Western
condemnation of Putin includes citing the "emotional address" in
which he complained </i><i>bitterly
that the U.S. and its allies had "cheated us again and again, made decisions behind our back,
presenting us with completed facts. With the expansion of NATO in the
East, with the deployment of military infrastructure at our borders. They
always told us the same thing: 'Well, this doesn't involve you.' <o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Putin's complaints are factually
accurate. When President Gorbachev accepted the unification of Germany
as part of NATO -- an astonishing concession in the light of history -- there
was a quid pro quo. Washington agreed that NATO would not move "one inch eastward," referring to East
Germany. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
The promise was immediately broken, and when Gorbachev complained, he was instructed that it was only a verbal promise,
so without force. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">President Clinton proceeded to expand NATO
much farther to the east, to Russia's
borders. Today there are calls to extend NATO even to Ukraine, deep into the
historic Russian "neighbourhood." But it "doesn't involve"
the Russians, because its responsibility to "uphold peace and
stability" requires that American red lines are at Russia's borders”. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">[<i><u>Because We Say So</u>,</i> Hamish Hamilton, London, 2015]<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">While it is apparent from Tom Wolfe’s book that Noam Chomsky
and epigones dismally failed Sir Karl Popper’s litmus test of <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <i>“Whenever
a theory appears to you as the only possible one, take this as a sign that you
have neither understood the theory nor the problem which it was intended to
solve” </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">being one of my ‘wooden-nickel-detectors’<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">,</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"> [cf. my comment in</span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/04/why-some-haveasked-what-it-actually-is.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/04/why-some-haveasked-what-it-actually-is.html</a> ]<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">it is in relation to many other
topics -- as in the Gorbachev reference – that Chomsky can be welcomed as a quite perspicacious detector of wooden
nickels.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-65680835217550128052016-08-22T16:55:00.001+01:002016-10-14T15:58:30.776+01:00BREXIT MUSINGS<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I found a book in an antiquarian bookshop which contains a proposal for
a European federal constitution. I would like to present some excerpts in
translation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The book in question is: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi: DIE EUROPÄISCHE NATION [The European Nation],
Deutsche Verlagsanstalt, Stuttgart, 1953</i>.
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Coudenhove-Kalergy
is described on the title page as “President of the Pan-European Movement and
Professor of History at the University of New York”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A translation on the Contents page may be of interest:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><!--[endif]-->The European Nation <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Nations Rise and Fall<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->European Culture<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->European Race<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->European Common Fate<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 144pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 126pt; text-indent: -126pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span>II.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->History of the European Nation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->The Greek Prelude<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pax Romana<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->The Christian Occident<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Modern Europe<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 90pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 126pt; text-indent: -126pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span>III.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->History of the Concept of Europe<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Dante and Dubois<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->King George of Bohemia and Sully<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Penn and St. Pierre [<i>Abbé de St. Pierre, 1658-1743</i>]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->From St. Pierre to WW 1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 90pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 126pt; text-indent: -126pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span>IV.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->History of the Pan-European Movement<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pan-Europe<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Beginnings of a Pan-European Movement<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Briand’s Initiative<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pan-Europe vs. Hitler<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 126pt; text-indent: -126pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span>V.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Birth of a European Alliance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->European Movement and Parliamentary Union<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->The European Council<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->En route to a Federal State<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 162pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Perspectives<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 108pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 90pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Documentary
Appendix:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 90pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 90pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The Pan-European Manifesto (1924)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 90pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Draft of a Constitution for a Federal
Europe (1951)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In section III. d. -- <i>From St
Pierre to WW1 --</i> it is interesting to read:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The founding fathers of the United States of
America were conscious of creating a model for a United States of Europe. With
this in mind, George Washington wrote to Lafayette: “We have sown the Seeds of
Freedom and of the Union, which shall bear fruit throughout the Earth. One day,
following the model of the United States, the United States of Europe will be
founded”. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Similarly, Benjamin Franklin, while helping
to draft the American Constitution, wrote to a friend in Paris: “…I enclose a
draft of a federal constitution for our United States… If successful, then I see
no reason why you in Europe should not realize the project of King Henry IV and
create a republic from all the various states and kingdoms by using a similar
constitution, for we ourselves had to reconcile many differences.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Here then is this proposed constitution from the <i>Documentary Appendix (pages 161-164)</i>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">DRAFT CONSTITUTION
FOR A FEDERAL EUROPE</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1951<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Formulated by the “Constitutional
Committee for the United States of Europe”.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Arising from a
proposal by the Pan-European Movement during its European Convention in
Strasbourg in November 1950, a “Constitutional Committee for the United States
of Europe” was to be convened which should consist exclusively of members drawn
from members of this Strasbourg European Convention, to draw up a draft
Constitution for a European federal state. This draft should later serve as the
discussion basis during official negotiations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The following ten
members of the European Convention signed as founders:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Benvenuti (Italy), Bohy (Belgium), von Brentano (Germany),
Braun (Saarland), Maccas (Greece), Mackay (Great Britain), Maxudi (Turkey),
Philip (France), Schmal (Netehterlands), Wolters (Luxemburg).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The general secretary
of the Committee, R.Coudenhove-Kalergy, sent invitations to join this constitutional
drafting committee to all members of the European Convention resulting in 76
parliamentarians joining.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">After months-long
negotiations and two conferences in Basle and Strasbourg, the constitutional
committee agreed the following text on 6<sup>th</sup> May 1951:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> ooooo00000ooooo</span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>We, the people</b> of ……….<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">in recognition of our common cultural heritage,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">endeavouring to promote social justice,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">concerned with increasing the general wellbeing,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">determined to preserve human liberty,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">willing to secure peace,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">have agreed to combine
our separate states as a federation named UNITED STATES OF EUROPE, whose
authorities are enshrined in the Constitution here presented.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: center;"> </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CHAPTER
I.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Fundamental
Principles</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></i><b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Article 1.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">All
member states of the Federation have equal rights and common duties.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Article 2.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The
Federation is a community of sovereign states who have resolved to create and
maintain constitutional institutions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Member
states shall continue to carry out their sovereign rights directly, in as far
as they have not been transferred to common institutions created in accordance
with the provisions of this constitution.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Joining
the Federation is voluntary.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Article 3.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b>As soon as the
constitutionally empowered organs of at least five European states with a
combined population exceeding one hundred million have ratified this
constitution, it will be in force for these states.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Any remaining European states may
subsequently join the Federation if they honour the human rights as formulated by
the Council of Europe and have similarly ratified their accession. Their
accession will have to be approved by the European Federal Assembly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Article 4.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The federation will determine a
statute law for all citizens of member states defining their Rights of
Citizenship of the United States of Europe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CHAPTER
II.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></b><i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Authorities</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Article 5.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b>The Federation
is duty-bound to take all measures to secure public order and peace. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Article 6.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The Federation maintains
diplomatic and consular relations with powers which are not federation members.
It can make international agreements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Member states may exchange
diplomatic representatives amongst themselves as well with foreign powers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Article 7.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The Federation is empowered to
take all measures for the standardization of the European economy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><b style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Article 8</b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The Federation respects the
democratic constitutions of member states.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> In any conflicts between laws of
a member state and federal laws, only the federal law is valid. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CHAPTER
III.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The
Federal Authorities</i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>1. The Federal Parliament</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Article 9.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The Federal Parliament,
consisting of a House of Representatives and of a Senate, has the legislative
power of the federation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The Parliament shall meet at
least once every year.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The people belonging to a member
state, are represented in the House of Representatives in proportion to their
numbers, with one representative for every one million or fraction of a million
citizens.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Representatives are elected by
direct election for a term of four years, in general franchise, and in
accordance with the national laws of each member state.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Then Senate consist of delegates
from national parliaments.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Every member state is entitled to
twelve delegates. States with fewer than one million citizens are entitled to only six delegates.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Following each parliamentary
election in member states, the respective delegates to the Federal Parliament
shall be newly appointed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Both chambers of the Federal
Parliament shall convene separately.
Their separate authorities, however, remain identical and the approval
of both houses is required for any parliamentary resolution.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Article 10.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The federal budget is in the sole
prerogative of the Federal Parliament.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><b style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Article 11</b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Both chambers of Federal Parliament
unite into the Federal Assembly for the following events:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->election
of the federal council<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->election
of judges for the federal court<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->accession
of new member states<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->changes
to the constitution<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>2. The Federal Council</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Article 12.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The executive authority is a
Federal Council, whose nine members are elected by the Federal Assembly for a
tenure of four years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The
Federal Council remains in session until a new Council is constituted.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Article 13.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The Federal Council is
accountable to the Federal Parliament for all its actions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Authorities within the Federal
Council are distributed among its members in accordance with allocations of
administrative departments.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> All decisions are made in the
name of the Federal Council.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Article 14</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> In case the external or internal
peace or the security of the Federation is disturbed or under threat, the
Council must take all necessary measures which it must immediately report to
the Federal Parliament.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Article 15</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The Federal Council elects
annually for a term of one year by simple majority one of its members as
President and a further member as Vice President. The President, or in case of
his inability, the Vice President, is chairman of the Federal Council.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The President of the Federal
Council is at the same time the President of the United States of Europe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>3. The Federal Court of Justice</b></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Article 16</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The Federal Court of Justice consists
of fifteen members.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The judges are elected form a
list of 45 nominees, prepared by the Federal Council, by two-thirds majority of
the Federal Convention for a life-time appointment. The judges elect a President of the Court
from amongst themselves.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Article 17.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The Federal Court of Justice is
responsible for: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->the
interpretation of the Constitution<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->for
the settlement of disputes amongst member states.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Federal Parliament can enlarge the responsibility of
the Federal Court of Justice by federal law to include other spheres of
responsibility.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CHAPTER
IV.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Constitutional
amendments<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Article 18.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b>Constitutional amendments
require a three-quarters majority of all members of the Federal Assembly.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ooooo00000ooooo</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This 1951 draft constitution –
while no doubt needing far more work – is at least a solid framework for a
democratic federation, from which the current European Union (EU) is about as
distant as any other democratically unaccountable fiefdom elsewhere.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Let me start with at what one
might mean by ‘Europe’, best explained by various map views.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PAX ROMANA ~ 120 CE</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihTKcs3VcgxXZVzNsG7MewxUyOJma3R90ZPe6y9Hn8BTyvtcK3CqG2MfdKFErBqMnfiB_2Br5MxuZiejYzeBr7U1VqMvQOlPEUeOpmahyVuvRghhcliZNxsew3Rq_IYTfoVLbqIsgEfaTU/s1600/PAX+ROMANA.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihTKcs3VcgxXZVzNsG7MewxUyOJma3R90ZPe6y9Hn8BTyvtcK3CqG2MfdKFErBqMnfiB_2Br5MxuZiejYzeBr7U1VqMvQOlPEUeOpmahyVuvRghhcliZNxsew3Rq_IYTfoVLbqIsgEfaTU/s400/PAX+ROMANA.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The view of the strictly geographical definition:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfNI4DcWIG8VIg3dhhpxc8r3nMIJepQcJmvfh2Q5ssmw3NRVUh6swbE_676KT0gHdrUET75niTT9MSMuh_-4YtJ1JVO91f2oLuly0Gs6rfBiPaQCi2J3FhyaUsi9hejDE25cIwLWE8GQgU/s1600/Europe+geographic.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfNI4DcWIG8VIg3dhhpxc8r3nMIJepQcJmvfh2Q5ssmw3NRVUh6swbE_676KT0gHdrUET75niTT9MSMuh_-4YtJ1JVO91f2oLuly0Gs6rfBiPaQCi2J3FhyaUsi9hejDE25cIwLWE8GQgU/s320/Europe+geographic.png" width="319" /></a></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The EU view:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkkUUaZg_Dm27xTAafWsR_eGFUVfY43LQYyGjmWi4SU2WwO8Kb8NwJttQ26SZQhkttFhMyNERhM4hJfWEyfw8fcpv4XFP6N6CDB1dvqdNn03-YbwnjGk9120i6rHeQuWIg8RK0dyy1cPx7/s1600/eu-map-2016.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkkUUaZg_Dm27xTAafWsR_eGFUVfY43LQYyGjmWi4SU2WwO8Kb8NwJttQ26SZQhkttFhMyNERhM4hJfWEyfw8fcpv4XFP6N6CDB1dvqdNn03-YbwnjGk9120i6rHeQuWIg8RK0dyy1cPx7/s320/eu-map-2016.png" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Council of Europe:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgImbxBlGeh3yv6EjurZh-4QwzGnMppQkPD5_OVQwg0EpFoWjk7s0KAuKa3DvUJA_0pIO9PK4X70Y0v2r0LRgGDukeUGfAGqmDh5R89cLPCv8hx3T5czz-o2_i3ZMhQFvDHmkCpi4PeS8Sf/s1600/Council+of+Europe+Wiki.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgImbxBlGeh3yv6EjurZh-4QwzGnMppQkPD5_OVQwg0EpFoWjk7s0KAuKa3DvUJA_0pIO9PK4X70Y0v2r0LRgGDukeUGfAGqmDh5R89cLPCv8hx3T5czz-o2_i3ZMhQFvDHmkCpi4PeS8Sf/s320/Council+of+Europe+Wiki.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">…and its map of current members:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiwWi7RpUIw5eDMYO_yCgw8MM2AdP-APXeC4EioouHdOhyuFx-JKVPiXtzeH6QKw6iR78JEfJvnbvdwzET9o4XUMHdrwS8C5_qYmpfr_78E29oJT4qUYh1QyK8G44XQvBzBopOo6kI4rA_/s1600/map-of-the-council-of-europe-47-member-states.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiwWi7RpUIw5eDMYO_yCgw8MM2AdP-APXeC4EioouHdOhyuFx-JKVPiXtzeH6QKw6iR78JEfJvnbvdwzET9o4XUMHdrwS8C5_qYmpfr_78E29oJT4qUYh1QyK8G44XQvBzBopOo6kI4rA_/s320/map-of-the-council-of-europe-47-member-states.png" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">There is, of course also the
Europe of thought, perhaps best remembered by thinking of its Greek roots, the
age of enlightenment and age of reason, and the unbeatable summary in the words
<b>liberté</b>, <b>égalité</b>, <b>fraternité</b> of the French
revolution, but also not forgetting the various intervening dark ages during
the last three millenia or so. We are still far from having sustainably
globalized these three guiding stars of <i>liberté, égalité, fraternité</i> requiring constant vigilance against marauders
and also need ‘spring cleaning’<b><span style="font-size: large;">*</span></b> through renaissances – an ongoing Sisyphean
task.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>*</b></span><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/05/spring-cleaning-time.html" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/05/spring-cleaning-time.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">As it happened, I stumbled across this ‘ancient’ (1956) pocket book while
looking through my random-order library searching for something else recently:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj45-MfjTljo9H1Ey5jkSx17JivvwYC0oqC2jSGd1X3orfNW7GGSm-z5_jA_AJkDBXw9DQwQVl6CkH6NlTnNDNJCRcWt_sNR98NsjnImlOMTkNSfwexMzt9MfsQbRyEjGUwIiULEl5CQ1hN/s1600/books+that+changed+world.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj45-MfjTljo9H1Ey5jkSx17JivvwYC0oqC2jSGd1X3orfNW7GGSm-z5_jA_AJkDBXw9DQwQVl6CkH6NlTnNDNJCRcWt_sNR98NsjnImlOMTkNSfwexMzt9MfsQbRyEjGUwIiULEl5CQ1hN/s320/books+that+changed+world.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Robert B Downs: <i>BOOKS that changed the World</i>, a <span style="text-transform: uppercase;">Mentor Book</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">by THE NEW AMERICAN
LIBRARY, New York, 1956</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In this list of books </span></o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">there appeared amongst
those I have read, one appearing in current news – namely Alfred T Mahan’s </span><i style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Influence of Sea Power Upon History </i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">–
when reading about recent naval activities inter alia by China, US, India. The
next book mentioned in this collection – Halford J Mackinder’s </span><i style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Geographical Pivot of History</i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> – I
thought I had never heard of before. On double-checking, however, I found that
Buckminster Fuller referred to Mackinder in his </span><i style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Critical
Path</i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> [Hutchinson, London, 1983], but I had paid attention to, and
remembered, only his references to Mahan. This happened very likely because of the impact of
this brief quote from Fuller’s </span><i style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Critical Path</i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">: </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <i>“After the World War I the British were so ‘tired’ that they did not listen to
Mackinder as they had before. In the 1920s he tried to make the British realize
that the airplane altogether eliminated the world’s shorelines as the limit of
travel”. </i></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i> </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Not so, it seems as these two
illustrations may show without many words:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfpRQstXRgEK1ZngcSNk9D8CXCuByIBRK1x19s7NjtMLRfCakcz5Gmn9lmkM2sHRuaP3WZDQfRC1vndAuzu7l_0o9T3zlwiThcZoHFkDsdvTWdtU2QHySk8SP9X99ktNnUG3KI4qzveIh8/s1600/Ben_Frankline_at_berth_daylight.0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfpRQstXRgEK1ZngcSNk9D8CXCuByIBRK1x19s7NjtMLRfCakcz5Gmn9lmkM2sHRuaP3WZDQfRC1vndAuzu7l_0o9T3zlwiThcZoHFkDsdvTWdtU2QHySk8SP9X99ktNnUG3KI4qzveIh8/s320/Ben_Frankline_at_berth_daylight.0.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4Aee4tK0ofvkxv4V9MTGTWqEe4OoL2v_n21e5igvO0nIBELjQhOv1-7HiafnDOf4DUXlz5uJteZbyGtETgaH3WnbAQzfc4vmhQ8FcvAX7cVzdeWzB5xjVjtzHd3DeQKXhGZj-7N9riKvo/s1600/1920px-Shipping_routes_red_black.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4Aee4tK0ofvkxv4V9MTGTWqEe4OoL2v_n21e5igvO0nIBELjQhOv1-7HiafnDOf4DUXlz5uJteZbyGtETgaH3WnbAQzfc4vmhQ8FcvAX7cVzdeWzB5xjVjtzHd3DeQKXhGZj-7N9riKvo/s320/1920px-Shipping_routes_red_black.png" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The worlds shipping
routes delineate the continental coasts.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">While the last picture shows the
world’s coastlines simply by lines connecting the terminal ports of shipping
routes, it also becomes obvious that all of that sea traffic happens only
because the people inhabiting these vast hinterland areas can’t do without that
growing interchange of raw materials and manufactured products – while transport
of people has shifted to air travel save for ferries and cruise liners. When
first visiting the US starting from Munich in 1952/3 the only way to get there still
had to be by liner, in my case from Genoa to New York <span style="font-size: x-small;">(courtesy <i>American Field Service</i>)</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">But back to the <i>Books that Changed the World,</i> where Mackinder
figures as Chapter 9 under the heading HEARTLAND AND WORLD ISLAND – Sir Halford
J Mackinder: “The Geographical Pivot of History”. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Robert B. Downs there
writes: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>“Within little more than a decade after Admiral Mahan had demonstrated,
so convincingly and conclusively, the historical invincibility of sea power,
the applicability of his doctrine to the future was seriously undermined, if
not invalidated, by two new factors. One, in the material realm, was the Wright
brothers’ first successful experiments, in 1903, with a powered airplane. The second,
in the realm of ideas, was a scientific paper, written in 1904, by an English
geographer, Halford Mackinder, later celebrated as ‘the father of geopolitics’.
<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>In neither case did the world recognize immediately the monumental
significance of these two events; nevertheless, the face of the globe was to be
irretrievably changed by them.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>No more improbable setting could be conceived for the dissemination of revolutionary
theories than the meeting of the Royal Geographical Society in London, January
25, 1904, at which Mackinder read his famous paper, ‘The Geographical Pivot of
History.’ Filling only twenty-four printed pages, the work was no more than an
ordinary pamphlet in length, but its remarkable analysis of the interrelations
of geography and politics, past and present, throughout the world introduced
concepts that subsequently swayed the thinking of political and military
leaders, economists, geographers, and historians everywhere.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>At the end of the World War I, Mackinder developed his argument in considerably
expanded detain in Democratic Ideals and
Reality, though without essential modification of his original thesis….” </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In the course of discussing the
Mackinder’s thoughts further right into the forties and fifties of the last century – just like the Coudenhove-Kalergi
book referred to earlier. However, in the current context of
musing about the possibilities that Brexit, I don’t want to dwell on
history, but on ideas worth remembering – and there would be this quote related
by Downs from Mackinder’s original paper: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <i>“Is
not the pivot region of the world’s politics that vast area of Euro-Asia which
is inaccessible to ships, but in antiquity lay open to the horse-riding nomads,
and is today about to be covered with a network of railways? There have been
and are here the conditions of a mobility of military and economic power of a
far-reaching and yet limiting character.” <o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> And from the concluding paragraph of Downs’ review of
Mackinder’s <i>Geographical Pivot of History</i> :</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> "<i>Criticism has exposed the weakness
of some details of Mackinder’s views, but it has not invalidated his basic
premises. As ‘the first to provide us
with a global concept of the world and its affairs,’ in John C. Winant’s
phrase, he will be long remembered. </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-indent: 36pt;"> <i style="font-weight: bold;">“There is,”</i></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-indent: 36pt;"> declared Mackinder, </span><b style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: 36pt;"><i>“no complete geographical region
either less than or greater than the whole of the earth’s surface</i>.”</b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">That brings me back to 1963 when
I heard Buckminster Fuller in London on his way (back or from?) the UIA
(International Union of Architects) conference in Paris where he presented his definition of the overriding
onus on all designers – in the sense of 'design is the designation of means to
an end’: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“... to render the total chemical* and energy resources of the
world, which are now exclusively preoccupied in serving only 44% of humanity,
adequate to the service of 100% of humanity, at higher standards of living and
total enjoyment than any man has yet experienced.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.lmhdesign.co.uk/planet.html">http://www.lmhdesign.co.uk/planet.html</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">*<span style="font-size: x-small;">I would add <b><i>intellectual</i></b>
to this list of resources</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Fuller’s magnum opus in following
his own design brief is his CRITICAL PATH [© 1981, my copy Hutchinson and Co,
London, 1983]. The foreword of this book alone is essential reading, and I have
explained this opinion in one of my blogs at </span></div>
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<a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/04/why-some-haveasked-what-it-actually-is.html" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: right;">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/04/why-some-haveasked-what-it-actually-is.html</a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Another special mention in this
blog is the reference to what I called my TYGER reads. Since I only know what I
read, and reading time being mostly during the night, William Blake’s poem
fitted my night-time astonishments when reading things that really dumbfounded and at the same time inspired me to keep up ‘the pleasure of finding things out’,
to paraphrase Richard Feynman.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The first TYGER posting is at <a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2013/08/tyger-httpwww.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2013/08/tyger-httpwww.html</a>
where I also mention Vaclav Smil who
inspired me beyond dreams with his encyclopaedic knowledge of things ‘energy’
in all its forms – and insisting on measuring ins and outs – similar to the statement
of Kamerling Onnes [Physics Nobel Laureate 1913] “Tor meten tot weten”, from measuerement to knowledge. His work
briefly….<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <b>Work<o:p></o:p></b></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>When different substances are cooled to very
low temperatures, their properties change. In 1908 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes used
an ingenious apparatus to cool helium to liquid form. Fluid helium was
carefully studied and also became an important aid for the cooling of different
substances and charting their properties at low temperatures. In 1911 Heike
Kamerlingh Onnes discovered that the electrical resistance of mercury
completely disappeared at temperatures a few degrees above absolute zero. The
phenomenon became known as superconductivity</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1913/onnes-facts.html" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: right;">http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1913/onnes-facts.html</a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">…no wonder I came across his name
when reading about thermodynamics – but his level is way beyond my layman’s
approach to things scientific.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">But there are specialists who
also interpret professorial levels of sciences for the likes of me, among them
Vaclav Smil, part of my first TYGER reads. I was dumbfounded after reading some
of his books, that his name is rarely mentioned in general discussions of
things ‘energy’. I was right away
convinced that his books are ‘must reads’. To quote a description from his home page
[2016] at <a href="http://www.vaclavsmil.com/">http://www.vaclavsmil.com/</a> :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>“Vaclav Smil does interdisciplinary research in the fields of energy,
environmental and population change, food production and nutrition, technical
innovation, risk assessment, and public policy. He has published 37 books and
nearly 500 papers on these topics. He is a Distinguished Professor Emeritus at
the University of Manitoba and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (Science
Academy). In 2010 he was named by Foreign Policy as one of the top 100 global
thinkers and in 2013 he was appointed as a Member of the Order of Canada. He
has worked as a consultant for many US, EU and international institutions, has
been an invited speaker in more than 400 conferences and workshops in the USA,
Canada, Europe, Asia and Africa, and has lectured at many universities in North
America, Europe and East Asia. His wife Eva is a physician and his son David is
an organic chemist.”</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> I later found that <u>This
is the man Bill Gates thinks you absolutely should be reading,</u> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: normal;"> </span></i>writes
Clive Thompson in WIRED magazine: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="wired-black"><i><span style="border: 1pt none; color: #333333; padding: 0cm;">“There is no author whose books</span></i></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span style="color: #333333;"> </span></i></span><i><span style="color: #333333;">I look forward to more than Vaclav Smil,”
Bill Gates wrote this summer. That’s quite an endorsement—and it gave a jolt of
fame to Smil, a professor emeritus of environment and geography at the
University of Manitoba. In a world of specialized intellectuals, Smil is an
ambitious and astonishing polymath who swings for fences. His nearly three
dozen books have analyzed the world’s biggest challenges—the future of energy,
food production, and manufacturing—with nuance and detail. They’re among the
most data-heavy books you’ll find, with a remarkable way of framing basic
facts. (Sample nugget: Humans will consume 17 percent of what the biosphere
produces this year.)<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<div style="background: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">His conclusions are often
bleak. He argues, for instance, that the demise of US manufacturing dooms the
country not just intellectually but creatively, because innovation is tied to
the process of making things. (And, unfortunately, he has the figures to back
that up.) WIRED got Smil’s take on the problems facing America and the world.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.wired.com/2013/11/vaclav-smil-wired/">http://www.wired.com/2013/11/vaclav-smil-wired/</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">One of Vaclav Smil’s books –
Global Catastrophes and Trends – The Next Fifty Years [MIT Press, Cambridge
Mass. 2008] has this to say in my current context: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">From the back cover description:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
<i>"Fundamental change occurs most
often in one of two ways: as a 'fatal discontinuity.' a sudden
catastrophic event that is potentially world changing, or as a persistent,
gradual trend. Global catastrophes include volcanic eruptions, viral
pandemics, wars, and large-scale terrorist attacks; trends are demographic,
environmental, economic, and political shifts that unfold over time. In
this provocative book, scientist Vaclav Smil takes a wide-ranging, interdisciplinary
look at the catastrophes and trends the next fifty years may bring. This is not
a book of forecasts or scenarios but one that reminds us to pay attention to,
and plan for, the consequences of apparently unpredictable events and the
ultimate direction of long-term trends...."<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.65pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A small paragraph from Chapter 3 <i>Unfolding Trends </i>sums
up the essence of trends affecting practically all of human endeavours:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.65pt; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <i> "<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;">Perhaps the most helpful way to think about
globalization would be to get rid of </span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">the term, and not just because that noun has become so emotionally
charged. The </span>term <b>interdependence</b> describes much
more accurately the realities of modern econ<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;">omies.
Once they left behind the limited autarkies of the preindustrial era, states </span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">have come to rely on more distant and more diverse
sources of energy, raw materi</span><span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;">als,
food, and manufactured products and on increasingly universal systems of </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">communication and information processing. No
country can now escape this imper</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">ative,
and as this process advances, it will become impossible for any nation—no </span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;">matter how technically adept or how militarily
strong—to claim a commanding </span>place on top."<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">After all, local or
global wealth creation is not a zero-sum game where one party must lose what
another may gain best summarized perhaps by Fuller and Alvin and Heidi Toffler:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/tyger-tyger-after-whiplashing-me-into.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/tyger-tyger-after-whiplashing-me-into.html</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/10/buckminster-fuller-more-relevant-than.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/10/buckminster-fuller-more-relevant-than.html</a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In the Brexit
context, two further comments by Smil should be kept in mind:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Russia, too, is part of my Europe.
Arguments about Russia’s place in (or outside of) Europe have been going on for
centuries… I have never understood the Western reluctance or the Russian
hesitancy to place the country unequivocally in Europe… its history, music,
literature, engineering, and science make it quintessentially European.”</span></i><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> p.93<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Russia has another strength in its
intellectual capacity. The country has always had many highly creative
scientists and engineers, whose fundamental contributions are generally unknown
to the Western public. How many people watching a scanner toting up their
groceries know that Russian physicists, together with their US colleagues,
pioneered masers and lasers. (Nobel prices in physics were awarded to Nikolai
Gennadievich Basov and Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov in 1964 and to Zhores
Ivanovich Alferov in 2000.) How many people seeing the images of the US Air
Force stealth planes know that this class of aircraft began with Piotr
Iakovlevich Ufimtse’s (1962) equations for predicting the reflections of
electromagnetic waves from surfaces?”</span></i><span style="color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/03/tyger-tygers.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/03/tyger-tygers.html</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">All considered – could Brexit be the first step to a new Federal United
Europe – connected to both world oceans by land and sea, when the engendered
sea traffic should also keep the Arctic maritime route free, plus a road across the
Bering Strait to cap it all?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-9562989750170374562016-08-09T19:04:00.000+01:002016-09-13T09:25:17.278+01:00TYGER ... THE INEVITABLE<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">... defining humanity, no less!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">VIKING, New York, 2016</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx02j8Xu6ibaAyGt-QfW5z3OSKEtQ5C57Ug1m5mR6ie793EkmnYz6mQDawp2JMBFiduCSjvl7tA9rwoHuh4kHby71-JOik-waIiqc9FIAcnxhgO3NEKxQpckUJApRv7ishZ_AhbMWm90AA/s1600/TYGER+%25231.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: right;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOjjuAdxExztcM5thR1lOdzlnkEHMc__QLi5DAkZyA3PlX80lX2_9olpqS-xspONZbeLPluPVv0r-0dV_J85eIPnOvFExU0twzMRFPvme-vxl2pWzbuWFqsVdHk400rDvYhT9X0qa4daNd/s1600/KELLY+%25233.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOjjuAdxExztcM5thR1lOdzlnkEHMc__QLi5DAkZyA3PlX80lX2_9olpqS-xspONZbeLPluPVv0r-0dV_J85eIPnOvFExU0twzMRFPvme-vxl2pWzbuWFqsVdHk400rDvYhT9X0qa4daNd/s400/KELLY+%25233.jpg" width="212" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/172943"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/172943</span></a> <o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWoq6ajTjyb4SHtTW8RLpFHE7SFVcVGWHqjuUjIvGQepzERZiXPh1cj3EKI7RuN2DhfPtTjQQMcTuL5TZgTn_S3SMgUk3y6FAy1YXTUXHvCiXY6lsvaFy0UNxqadExAdld2EKViOxePwSx/s1600/KELLY+%25231.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWoq6ajTjyb4SHtTW8RLpFHE7SFVcVGWHqjuUjIvGQepzERZiXPh1cj3EKI7RuN2DhfPtTjQQMcTuL5TZgTn_S3SMgUk3y6FAy1YXTUXHvCiXY6lsvaFy0UNxqadExAdld2EKViOxePwSx/s640/KELLY+%25231.jpg" width="438" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">To quote:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>"What are humans for? I believe our first answer will be: Humans are for inventing new kinds of intelligences that biology could not evolve.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>The greatest benefit of the arrival of artidial intelligence is that AIs will help define humanity. We need AIs to tell us who we are."</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tolle, lege!</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-86222153686753888412016-07-07T18:29:00.000+01:002016-10-28T18:41:21.657+01:00LACUNA TROVE<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsASTJByZ6bSfeTBg6it1bd_jyoA_T_EBI4EG5hL9VoJFvGGyyiEt1yWbhJefOOqd0fiXk4W1i35CDGCucYN0lURGqh0aPrcxsFIH22nW_hwqthEbcaDeKTdr9_Bdl8dhgJDN8AKkmeN2u/s1600/EPSON039.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsASTJByZ6bSfeTBg6it1bd_jyoA_T_EBI4EG5hL9VoJFvGGyyiEt1yWbhJefOOqd0fiXk4W1i35CDGCucYN0lURGqh0aPrcxsFIH22nW_hwqthEbcaDeKTdr9_Bdl8dhgJDN8AKkmeN2u/s640/EPSON039.png" width="436" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Public Affairs, New York, 2012</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgehsj8SoAVEeXUtK7OFXvuhPquUKi90qKZCBZiWRQhaQerh4dfV_5P-LaHrGrh7jJbHKJpuQ6Nm4iJ8BOPt5i_D-1Pg7xtTEVAr98HIoIsOJjkIcoH6z2IX32Mt6OJFYUkhimEpTdcFees/s1600/EPSON040.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgehsj8SoAVEeXUtK7OFXvuhPquUKi90qKZCBZiWRQhaQerh4dfV_5P-LaHrGrh7jJbHKJpuQ6Nm4iJ8BOPt5i_D-1Pg7xtTEVAr98HIoIsOJjkIcoH6z2IX32Mt6OJFYUkhimEpTdcFees/s640/EPSON040.png" width="428" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Quoting from the Introduction:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <i>"The Big questions of how the world <u>ought </u>to behave are indeed important. But they are not our focus. Questions of philosophical values and metaphorical abstractions -- these simply don't apply to the view of politics that we'll present in the pages ahead.... </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i> "But then we believe that the world can only be improved if first we understand how it works and why. Working out what makes people do what they do in the realm of politics is fundamental to working out how to make it in their interest to do better things.</i></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The modern vernacular of </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">politics and international relations, from balances of power and hegemony to partisanship and national interest, is the stuff of high school civics and nightly news punditry. It has little to do with real politics. And so, you may be lighted -- or disappointed -- to hear that this particular book of politics is not concerned with any of this. Our account of politics is primarily about what <u>is</u>, and why what is, is."</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Coming in my reading list hard on the heels of Bruce Bueno de Mesquita's <i>PREDICTIONEER</i> [cf. http://tinyurl.com/j63wwmh ] I am confident in saying that anyone else reading this combined Bruce Buena de Mesquita & Alastair Smith <i>DICTATOR'S HANDBOOK -- </i>preferably also with the </span><i style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">PREDICTIONEER</i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> -- will come away with considerable layers of scales removed from one's mental eyes and seeing "...</span><i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">what <u>is</u>, and why what is, is."</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>ADDENDUM 4 OCT 2016, their 'Spoils of War' has duly arrived....</i></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg93tfejNJV45bZPvejNelgotDTsTQHaLNZE9gwhnTS8x4napljL1JKSJuhVzLLPddopG-MfItNEGSZFQK0qxe-nOlbZGB3n3lhxXlhfB-5ZFESURYDjSiBhKMgOrrbKP9wNpQ32CZXghoG/s1600/THE+SPOILS+OF+WAR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg93tfejNJV45bZPvejNelgotDTsTQHaLNZE9gwhnTS8x4napljL1JKSJuhVzLLPddopG-MfItNEGSZFQK0qxe-nOlbZGB3n3lhxXlhfB-5ZFESURYDjSiBhKMgOrrbKP9wNpQ32CZXghoG/s640/THE+SPOILS+OF+WAR.jpg" width="417" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>...another Trove needing no further advice to read from me if you've come that far anyway!</i></span></div>
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-25444246432716380802016-05-30T23:09:00.000+01:002016-05-31T12:19:28.984+01:00LACUNA DIVE<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixWi8nDPgJipMpsoz4sO61BnFel5QSbag7WcMI9VjzBIrbXKNk68XCUtsnZ-rxeWiww2OzvMnpZzWPj5WcHD5vd8-lCSd4nj9ugAdEDcGchkyKmCmzB4xLi1zrcvZd2xUY8RHCnd_Cuewo/s1600/PREDITIONEER+title+page+scan.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixWi8nDPgJipMpsoz4sO61BnFel5QSbag7WcMI9VjzBIrbXKNk68XCUtsnZ-rxeWiww2OzvMnpZzWPj5WcHD5vd8-lCSd4nj9ugAdEDcGchkyKmCmzB4xLi1zrcvZd2xUY8RHCnd_Cuewo/s400/PREDITIONEER+title+page+scan.png" width="280" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Bodley Head, London 2009</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVCFH-UMSMEyPQblUqzSEn4BRzlbPX1e0PNiHjHRbUkWhw5Tw458zwHY9XxGTEjtCgLkFkOXrGVeSKBV0jxS8m-jQUOAON6e-sW4pxZFEMpB_kr5DkKk8SRoQtGSnJxcAzkpegJimHEVvl/s1600/PREDITIONEER+back+cover+page+scan.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVCFH-UMSMEyPQblUqzSEn4BRzlbPX1e0PNiHjHRbUkWhw5Tw458zwHY9XxGTEjtCgLkFkOXrGVeSKBV0jxS8m-jQUOAON6e-sW4pxZFEMpB_kr5DkKk8SRoQtGSnJxcAzkpegJimHEVvl/s400/PREDITIONEER+back+cover+page+scan.png" width="270" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>Predictioneer</i> was highly recommended by one of my
correspondents as a ‘must read’ – and so I did.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">And was
astounded right from the start, when reading in <i>Game Theory 101</i>: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“Bayes’ Theorem provides a way to calculate how people digest new
information. It assumes that everyone uses such information to check whether
what they believe is consistent with their new knowledge….in response to new
information that reinforces or contradicts what we thought was true. In that
way, the theorem, and the game theorists who rely on it, view beliefs as
malleable rather than as unalterable biases lurking in a person’s head.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>“In real life there are plenty of incentives for others (and for us)
to lie… Therefore, to predict the future we have to reflect on when people are
likely to lie and when they are most likely to tell the truth. In engineering
the future, our task is to find the right incentives so that people tell the
truth, or so that, when it helps our cause, they believe our lies.”</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Definitely a
book for me, I thought – great lacunae in my knowledge here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So I read it
cover to cover in one day (and a <i>TYGER</i> night). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">And then a
single line on page 215 hit me smack on with full mental tsunami power:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“Let’s take a look at the
inconvenient truth that won Al Gore the Nobel Peace Prize.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I’m surely not
the only one remembering that UK courts ruled at the time that Al Gore was, in
fact, so ‘economical with the truth’ that his advocacy was forbidden to be
shown in schools. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Not only in my
opinion is the whole fable of man-made global warming (AGW) not just
‘irrational’, but amounts to no less than the biggest political and intellectual
fraud ever. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">[1] [2] [3].<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">And there I was, thinking to be on terra firma with my smatterings
of thermodynamics, armed with Thomas Payne’s advice on sources of ‘truth’ in his
<i>Age of Reason</i> [4]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">”<i><span style="background: white;">The Creation speaketh an universal
language, independently of human speech or human language, multiplied and
various as they may be. It is an ever-existing original, which every man can
read. It cannot be forged; it cannot be counterfeited; it cannot be lost; it
cannot be altered; it cannot be suppressed. It does not depend upon the will of
man whether it shall be published or not; it publishes itself from one end of
the earth to the other;” <o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="background: white;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">all further supported by Sir
Karl Popper who deserves special mention by referring if only to these five
tokens from his legacy, from <i>The Logic of
Scientific Di</i>s<i>covery</i> [1934], to <i>The Open Society and its Enemies</i> [1945],
to <i>Conjectures and Refutations</i>
[1963], to the latest and most important summaries: <i>The Lessons of this Century </i>[1997] and <i>All Life is Problem Solving</i> [1994,1999]. [4]. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;">And then recalling Bruce
Bueno de Mesquita: </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“In real life there are plenty of incentives for others (and for us)
to lie… Therefore, to predict the future we have to reflect on when people are
likely to lie and when they are most likely to tell the truth. In engineering
the future (<sup>1</sup>), our task is to find the right incentives so that
people tell the truth, or so that, when it helps our cause, they believe our
lies.” <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>(<sup>1</sup>) </i><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">and not
least the future of energy supplies.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So here I found this gaping
black hole – the lacuna of my Baysean ignorance – which needed diving into. Starting from Meinong’s base tenet – <i>Truth is only a human construct, but facts
are eternal </i>– but now remembering again not only that <i>PANTA RHEI</i> was written in big letters above the entrance portal of my
erstwhile alma mater, Technical University Munich (TH in 1954), translating in
the 1960s into “<i>No Man can step into the
same river twice</i>”, or the current definition of Information I=log1/p,
where p is the probability of any event occurring (and inevitably leading to
inquisitions, autodafes and worse when claimed by the powers that be, that 'p' amounts to 100%).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Still diving
and still on the way down, I discovered two things to start with:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>An Intuitive Explanation of Eliezer
Yudkowsky’s Explanation of Bayes’ Theorem</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">– by Luke
Muehlhauser at: <a href="http://commonsenseatheism.com/?p=13156#sthash.2TSZhf75.dpuf">http://commonsenseatheism.com/?p=13156#sthash.2TSZhf75.dpuf</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Where Luke Muehlhauser ends
by quoting Yudkowsky further, at [5]:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“The Bayesian
revolution in the sciences is fuelled, not only by more and more cognitive
scientists suddenly noticing that mental phenomena have Bayesian structure in
them; not only by scientists in every field learning to judge their statistical
methods by comparison with the Bayesian method; but also by the idea that science itself is a special case of Bayes’
Theorem; experimental evidence is Bayesian evidence. The Bayesian
revolutionaries hold that when you perform an experiment and get evidence that
“confirms” or “disconfirms” your theory, this confirmation and disconfirmation
is governed by the Bayesian rules. For example, you have to take into
account, not only whether your theory predicts the phenomenon, but whether
other possible explanations also predict the phenomenon.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“Previously, the most
popular philosophy of science was probably Karl
Popper’s falsificationism - this is the old philosophy that the
Bayesian revolution is currently dethroning Karl Popper’s idea that
theories can be definitely falsified, but never definitely confirmed, is yet
another special case of the Bayesian rules; if p(X|A) ~ 1 - if the
theory makes a definite prediction – then observing ~X very strongly falsifies
A. On the other hand, if p(X|A) ~ 1, and we observe X, this
doesn’t definitely confirm the theory; there might be some other condition B
such that p(X|B) ~ 1, in which case observing X doesn’t favor A over
B. For observing X to definitely confirm A, we would have to know, not
that p(X|A) ~ 1, but that p(X|~A) ~ 0, which is something that we
can’t know because we can’t range over all possible alternative
explanations. For example, when Einstein’s theory of General Relativity
toppled Newton’s incredibly well-confirmed theory of gravity, it turned out
that all of Newton’s predictions were just a special case of Einstein’s
predictions.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">You can even formalize
Popper’s philosophy mathematically. The likelihood ratio for
X, p(X|A)/p(X|~A), determines how much observing X slides the probability
for A; the likelihood ratio is what says how strong X is as
evidence. Well, in your theory A, you can predict X with probability 1,
if you like; but you can’t control the denominator of the likelihood
ratio, p(X|~A) - there will always be some alternative theories that
also predict X, and while we go with the simplest theory that fits the current
evidence, you may someday encounter some evidence that an alternative theory
predicts but your theory does not. That’s the hidden gotcha that toppled
Newton’s theory of gravity. So there’s a limit on how much mileage you
can get from successful predictions; there’s a limit on how high the likelihood
ratio goes for confirmatory evidence.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">On the other hand, if you
encounter some piece of evidence Y that is definitely not predicted
by your theory, this is enormously strong
evidence against your theory. If p(Y|A) is
infinitesimal, then the likelihood ratio will also be infinitesimal. For
example, if p(Y|A) is 0.0001%, and p(Y|~A) is 1%, then the
likelihood ratio p(Y|A)/p(Y|~A) will be 1:10000. -40 decibels
of evidence! Or flipping the likelihood ratio,
if p(Y|A) is very small, then p(Y|~A)/p(Y|A) will
be very large, meaning that observing Y greatly favours ~A over A. Falsification is much
stronger than confirmation. This is a consequence of the earlier point
that very strong evidence is not the product of a very high
probability that A leads to X, but the product of a
very low probability that not-A could have led to X.
This is the precise Bayesian rule that underlies the heuristic value of
Popper’s falsificationism.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“Similarly, Popper’s
dictum that an idea must be falsifiable can be interpreted as a manifestation
of the Bayesian conservation-of-probability rule; if a result X is positive
evidence for the theory, then the result ~X would have disconfirmed the theory
to some extent. If you try to interpret both X and ~X as “confirming” the
theory, the Bayesian rules say this is impossible! To increase the
probability of a theory you must expose it to tests that can
potentially decrease its probability; this is not just a rule for detecting
would-be cheaters in the social process of science, but a consequence of
Bayesian probability theory. On the other hand, Popper’s idea that there
is only falsification and no such thing as confirmation
turns out to be incorrect. Bayes’ Theorem shows that falsification
is very strong evidence compared to confirmation, but falsification is
still probabilistic in nature; it is not governed by fundamentally different
rules from confirmation, as Popper argued.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“So we find that many
phenomena in the cognitive sciences, plus the statistical methods used
by scientists, plus the scientific method itself, are all turning out to
be special cases of Bayes’ Theorem. Hence the Bayesian revolution.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I have to come
up for air now before diving again farther down – and learning what everyone should at
least have been acquainted with before leaving school – any school. But however inadequately, I needed saying and
posting this a.s.a.p. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Meanwhile, sincere
thanks to Werner, Philip and Bruce.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">oooOOOooo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">[1] <a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/11/idiot-guide-to-global-warming.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/11/idiot-guide-to-global-warming.html</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">[2] <a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/12/moonshine-is-blinding.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/12/moonshine-is-blinding.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">[3] <a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/05/spring-cleaning-time-those-nuremberg.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/05/spring-cleaning-time-those-nuremberg.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">[4] <a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/04/why-some-haveasked-what-it-actually-is.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/04/why-some-haveasked-what-it-actually-is.html</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">[5] <a href="https://arbital.com/p/bayes_rule/?l=1zq">https://arbital.com/p/bayes_rule/?l=1zq</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-50326366920645588902016-02-22T18:16:00.002+00:002016-03-16T09:17:43.018+00:00TYGER EUREKA<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheucKl4nifBBKGsxQMMaZRkRbUgKcRt7e1glG3eSQ_eadETFAQk0jhSwSlzCy_k8VG2gYd_EIKP2CSI1OO7EC0TVviax5o0VNC_swDz-9-Ay0FiW-mZuc7Efwm7itfaJaPL0ajbANe4tsC/s1600/BIOTECT+%25230.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheucKl4nifBBKGsxQMMaZRkRbUgKcRt7e1glG3eSQ_eadETFAQk0jhSwSlzCy_k8VG2gYd_EIKP2CSI1OO7EC0TVviax5o0VNC_swDz-9-Ay0FiW-mZuc7Efwm7itfaJaPL0ajbANe4tsC/s640/BIOTECT+%25230.png" width="459" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 40.0pt;">The Biotect<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #121212; font-size: 14pt;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #121212;">Question<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #121212;">In the </span><span style="color: #272826;">year 2000 I shall only </span><span style="color: #121212;">be </span><span style="color: #272826;">sixty-five years </span><span style="color: #121212;">old</span><span style="color: #3b3c3a;">. </span><span style="color: #121212;">What </span><span style="color: #272826;">good </span><span style="color: #121212;">will </span><span style="color: #272826;">I </span><span style="color: #121212;">be
</span><span style="color: #272826;">as archi</span><span style="color: #121212;">tect
unless </span><span style="color: #272826;">I </span><span style="color: #272826;">can gain a </span><span style="color: #121212;">better understanding </span><span style="color: #272826;">of the chang</span><span style="color: #121212;">ing </span><span style="color: #272826;">context in which ARCHITECTURE
– </span><span style="color: #121212;">itself </span><span style="color: #272826;">changing </span><span style="color: #121212;">character – p</span><span style="color: #272826;">lays its </span><span style="color: #121212;">role?'<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #121212; font-size: 14pt;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #121212;">Item<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #272826;">' </span><span style="color: #3b3c3a;">... </span><span style="color: #121212;">No</span><span style="color: #3b3c3a;">, </span><span style="color: #121212;">the </span><span style="color: #272826;">correct answer </span><span style="color: #121212;">is </span><span style="color: #272826;">that science </span><span style="color: #121212;">has done </span><span style="color: #272826;">two </span></span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">things: </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">it
has replaced </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">a </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">lot </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">of </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ugly </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">superstitions </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">by </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">beautiful </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">knowledge
</span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">and </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">it ha</span><span style="color: #3b3c3a; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">s </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">made </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">available </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">useful </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">information </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">which
</span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">non-scientists have chosen to </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">apply </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">for </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">good and bad </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">purposes
</span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">.... </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">But because
non-scientists </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">won't study </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">the
</span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">opportunities and </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">dangers of </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">appliable </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">knowledge</span><span style="color: #4b4d4b; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">,
</span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">the </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">day may </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">come (heaven </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">help us) when </span><span style="color: #3b3c3a; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">sc</span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ientists find </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">themselves </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">left in </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">charge.'</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="color: #272826;">New Scientist, </span></i><span style="color: #272826;">8.7.65</span><span style="color: #4b4d4b;">, </span></span><i><span style="color: #121212;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">p 102</span><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #272826;">Give </span><span style="color: #121212;">us </span><span style="color: #272826;">this </span><span style="color: #121212;">day </span><span style="color: #272826;">our </span><span style="color: #121212;">daily </span><span style="color: #272826;">Faith</span><span style="color: #4b4d4b;">, </span><span style="color: #121212;">but deliver us</span><span style="color: #4b4d4b;">, </span><span style="color: #121212;">dear </span><span style="color: #272826;">God, from </span><span style="color: #121212;">Belief</span><span style="color: #3b3c3a;">.' <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="color: #121212;">Ald</span></i><i><span style="color: #3b3c3a;">o</span></i><i><span style="color: #121212;">us</span></i><i><span style="color: #4b4d4b;"> </span></i><i><span style="color: #121212;">Huxl</span></i><i><span style="color: #3b3c3a;">ey, </span></i><span style="color: #3b3c3a;">‘</span></span><span style="color: #121212;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Island'</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #121212; font-size: 14pt;">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #121212;">Item<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #272826;">The people </span><span style="color: #121212;">who</span><span style="color: #4b4d4b;">, </span><span style="color: #272826;">above all others, are </span><span style="color: #121212;">interested in </span><span style="color: #272826;">chart</span><span style="color: #121212;">ing the development </span><span style="color: #272826;">of </span><span style="color: #121212;">human </span><span style="color: #272826;">possibilities are the </span><span style="color: #121212;">writers </span><span style="color: #272826;">and </span><span style="color: #121212;">artists. The </span><span style="color: #272826;">function of culture is </span><span style="color: #121212;">not</span><span style="color: #3b3c3a;">, </span><span style="color: #121212;">as many think, </span><span style="color: #272826;">to enrich </span><span style="color: #121212;">human life </span><span style="color: #272826;">with </span><span style="color: #121212;">new </span><span style="color: #272826;">conceptions which </span><span style="color: #121212;">it </span></span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">dr</span><span style="color: #3b3c3a; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">a</span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ws </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">from some </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">mysteriou</span><span style="color: #3b3c3a; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">s </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">and </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">transcendental realm </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">out of </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">the reach </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">of ordinary people. The true, or at </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">least </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">the important, </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">task of </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">the cultural worker </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">is to reveal </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">to man the spiritual
riches which would result from the </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">full exploitation of
the immediately practical possibilities.'</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">C.
<i>H. Waddington, ‘</i> </span><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Scientific Attitude ', Pelican, 1941</span><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Memo
<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #272826;">as a </span><span style="color: #121212;">tentative<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">outline for search<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #272826;">of what </span><span style="color: #121212;">may be<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #272826;">good </span><span style="color: #121212;">in us </span><span style="color: #272826;">and </span><span style="color: #121212;">for us</span><span style="color: #4b4d4b;">, </span><span style="color: #272826;">and what the<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #121212;">pre</span><span style="color: #3b3c3a;">se</span><span style="color: #121212;">nt, </span><span style="color: #272826;">vast<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">scientific effort<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #121212;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">paired with its<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #121212;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">increasing<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #121212;">industriali</span><span style="color: #3b3c3a;">se</span><span style="color: #121212;">d<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">and automated<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">application could<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #272826;">and </span><span style="color: #3b3c3a;">s</span><span style="color: #121212;">hould provide u</span><span style="color: #3b3c3a;">s </span><span style="color: #272826;">with.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #272826; font-size: 16pt;">THE </span><span style="color: #121212; font-size: 16pt;">BIOTECT</span><span style="color: #4b4d4b; font-size: 16pt;"> </span></b></span><br />
<b style="font-family: 'helvetica neue', arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #272826; font-size: 16pt;">TASK </span><span style="color: #121212; font-size: 16pt;">AND CODE</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #121212;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SCOPE<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #272826;">Take and </span><span style="color: #121212;">maintain W</span><span style="color: #3b3c3a;">or</span><span style="color: #121212;">ld </span><span style="color: #272826;">Livingry Systems </span><span style="color: #121212;">Redesign </span></span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Initiative, </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">embracing </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">M</span><span style="color: #3b3c3a; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">a</span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">n's </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">whole ecology </span><span style="color: #3b3c3a; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">s</span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">pectrum: </span><span style="color: #3b3c3a; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">e</span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">nergy</span><span style="color: #5d5e5d; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">m</span><span style="color: #3b3c3a; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">a</span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">teri</span><span style="color: #3b3c3a; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">a</span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ls</span><span style="color: #5d5e5d; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">tools, equipment, </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">room</span><span style="color: #4b4d4b; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">dwelling, </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">building, neighbourhood, town, region </span><span style="color: #3b3c3a; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">a</span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">l</span><span style="color: #5d5e5d; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">n</span><span style="color: #3b3c3a; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">a</span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">tion</span><span style="color: #3b3c3a; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">a</span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">l</span><span style="color: #5d5e5d; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">continental,</span><span style="color: #5d5e5d; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> intercontinental</span><span style="color: #3b3c3a; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">global, </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">interpl</span><span style="color: #3b3c3a; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">a</span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">netary, </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">intergalactic and </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">universal </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Evolutionary
Transformation </span><span style="color: #121212; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Design </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Science Control.</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PURPOSE<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Optimal grouping and communicative connection of the physical
environment for the lifetime activities of Man, to allow increasingly all men
to attain with least frustration full development and conscious participation
in the effort to supply our widening </span></span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">physical and intellectual needs.</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">TIME SCALE<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Nearly all design action becomes effective in the next </span></span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">or later generations. If tomorrow's situation shall not </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">render today's plans obsolete, future means as well as future needs
must be plotted and anticipated, change allowed for, and objectives defined.</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">BASIS<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Our lives already depend on a worldwide metabolic regeneration
and transformation network of collection, </span></span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">processing and distribution of goods, foods and learning. All
design action must therefore be based on worldwide data collection and
planned network implementation. The industrial revolution caused an upheaval
through our inadequately understanding the </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">activity nature of the new kind of wealth it created, a </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">still unmastered accountancy problem now aggravated by Increasing
from inter-individual to inter-national discrepancies at danger level. Given
knowledge and willingness, this situation could now be remedied without
resorting to piracy (i.e. War): we could muster tools and means to provide
for all without taking from any.</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">POLITICS<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #272826; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(present
world total)<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dogma-based shifts of emphasis attempting to cater for narrowly
assessed requirements with inadequate facilities inherently biased to the exclusive
ambitions of sovereign states giving top priority to the arts of killing.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">DESIGN SCIENCE<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">To establish criteria and priorities for the provision of
adequate facilities to cater for globally assessed requirements in good time
anywhere, and to provide the physical environment in which all necessary
activities can take place with Liberty and Wealth for all – focusing
exclusively on the arts of living.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">LIBERTY<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The individual and communal ability to respond to the </span></span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">needs of life with all available potential without being </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">trapped and restrained (where they do so) by deeds and dogmas
of preceding generations.</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">WEALTH<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The' organised forward metabolic </span></span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">regeneration capability </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">of Man to augment his own </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">evolution and realms of consciousness.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">HIPPOCRATES EXTENDED<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I swear by the principle that organised Omega Minus to interact
with other particles to result in me living that I shall to the best of my
knowledge and ability fulfil this oath. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I shall always honour those who teach me and those who make
information available, and shall share all knowledge with those having the
same working premise. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">All conclusions made possible through the inventory<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">of resources, needs, means and trends, and all advantages of
their implementation shall to the best of my knowledge and ability be used only
for the betterment of life for all men, and I shall not yield to sectional
interests of whatever description barring any individual or group from
augmented capabilities.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I shall not use any information, facility or idea of economic
or industrial potential for personal gain, but </span></span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">only to further the whole of the task stated; all available </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">means shall be used to secure this aim.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">All information gained and all conclusions reached in </span></span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;">the performance of my profession shall be published </span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">when their relation to the whole can be discerned.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #272826;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">May keeping this oath earn me the implementing credit </span></span><span style="color: #272826; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">of society to effect my useful functioning in the realisation of
man's comprehensive survival and satisfaction success.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Item<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 277.4pt;" valign="top" width="370"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">'He
who would do good to another must do it in Minute Particulars; General Good
is the plea of </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">the
scoundrel, hypocrite and flatterer. </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">For
Art and Science cannot exist but in minutely organised Particulars.’</span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">William
Blake<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: 9pt;">(in: J.
Bronowski, 'Science and Human Values', Pelican, 1964</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">)<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.1pt;" valign="top" width="188"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 67.6pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Question<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 277.4pt;" valign="top" width="370"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Could
generalised criteria affecting any articular action be listed and their
idealised interactions shown in 'social space '?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.1pt;" valign="top" width="188"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 67.6pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Tentative
Model<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 277.4pt;" valign="top" width="370"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Action
Module, as ‘Context reckoner and Dynamic Thinking Inducer’, Part 1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
</td>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.1pt;" valign="top" width="188"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 67.6pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Perhaps<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 277.4pt;" valign="top" width="370"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">‘Le
paradis, c’est <i>nous.</i>’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #111110; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NOTE:<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #292925;">THE </span><span style="color: #111110;">BIOTE</span><span style="color: #42413c;">C</span><span style="color: #292925;">T </span><span style="color: #111110;">is dedicated to </span><span style="color: #111110;">R. </span><span style="color: #111110;">Buckminster F</span><span style="color: #292925;">uller, </span><span style="color: #111110;">for whose </span><span style="color: #292925;">comments </span><span style="color: #292925;">I </span><span style="color: #292925;">am </span><span style="color: #111110;">deeply </span><span style="color: #292925;">grateful.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #292925;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #111110;">Biotect</span><span style="color: #42413c;">, </span><span style="color: #111110;">Biotecture </span><span style="color: #705f54;">– </span><span style="color: #111110;">terms </span><span style="color: #292925;">evolved </span><span style="color: #111110;">by Rudolf Doernach, whose permission to use them </span></span><span style="color: #111110; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">in </span><span style="color: #292925; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">this </span><span style="color: #111110; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">context is </span><span style="color: #292925; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">gratefully acknowledged.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdPe7DfnWmQIywt6JgZE6p62jtwJ0VJaS6lVJKtq19zqb3J6WD_DgZHtxE-hMcu40j5C19mQyT_fDY7pLJ_5eEV0oEUb4ZfmjOkMcVLsTZI-JjuYTVTY__d-siwsrLkaqGUE3wnTQvL2vb/s1600/BIOTECT+%25234.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="131" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdPe7DfnWmQIywt6JgZE6p62jtwJ0VJaS6lVJKtq19zqb3J6WD_DgZHtxE-hMcu40j5C19mQyT_fDY7pLJ_5eEV0oEUb4ZfmjOkMcVLsTZI-JjuYTVTY__d-siwsrLkaqGUE3wnTQvL2vb/s400/BIOTECT+%25234.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>all as printed then; </i><i>and invited
to present it at the</i><i> </i></span><i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Archigram Folkestone Conference</i><i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">, </i><i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">11 June 1966</i></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-39708923572189178522015-12-18T00:55:00.000+00:002015-12-18T01:15:50.427+00:00MOONSHINE IS BLINDING !<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Especially that
distilled yet again in Paris during COP21.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipHRPc9H6HfRngSYxB6UkSnfsdUTlq0cXHybL0G8-EbebnlEaTPMwjC7k6tC5YF4In7aIdDytGVMBRckcVCkh7I3HjQ5W3ij_L-AONagsrDRpdzt4woT6j-wrmydtQKWOsdzwI12aMmTFZ/s1600/REMEMBER+REMEMBER+%25232.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipHRPc9H6HfRngSYxB6UkSnfsdUTlq0cXHybL0G8-EbebnlEaTPMwjC7k6tC5YF4In7aIdDytGVMBRckcVCkh7I3HjQ5W3ij_L-AONagsrDRpdzt4woT6j-wrmydtQKWOsdzwI12aMmTFZ/s320/REMEMBER+REMEMBER+%25232.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">“The
witchcraft and voodoo that is modern climate science is utterly sterile.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">“Global
warming did serve a couple of useful purposes. The issue has been a litmus test
for our political class. Any politician who has stated a belief in global
warming is either a cynical opportunist or an easily deluded fool. In neither
case should that politician ever be taken seriously again. No excuses can be accepted.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">“Do
we live in a special time in which the laws of physics and nature are
suspended?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">No,
we do not.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Can
we expect the relationship between the Sun’s activity and climate, which we can
see in data going back several hundred years, to continue for at least another
twenty years?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">With
absolute certainty, we can.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The
Sun drives climate. The demonstrated relationship between solar activity and
climate predicts a severe cooling out to at least the year 2040 – that is, for
the next quarter of a century or so.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> have a minuscule effect on climate. Increased
atmospheric carbon dioxide is not even a little bit bad. It is, in fact, wholly
beneficial. The more carbon dioxide we can put into the atmosphere, the better
life on Earth will be for human beings and all other living things.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">If
all that is true, you will ask, how is it that the United Nations-derived
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) came up with its
icecap-melting prediction of a 6°C increase in average global temperature by
the end of this century?” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">“The
UN-EU establishment that gave us the global warming scare in order to establish
a new world order (after the fall of Communism) …. was necessary … to negate
the triumph of liberal democracy that Francis Fukuyama predicted in 1992.
As a belief system, global warming gave its adherents some of the basics in
spiritual nourishment – original sin, the fall from grace, absolution,
redemption, and sacrifice, to name a few.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">“It
is one thing for the UN-EU bureaucrats to conspire against the productive
elements of society. Nothing less is expected of them. Similarly,
individual scientists selling their miserable souls for thirty pieces of silver
is also completely understandable, and nothing new. What has been extremely
disappointing is the learned societies, professional societies, and other
scientific institutions accepting the global warming hoax without question,
even though a moment’s consideration would have shown that the premise is
laughable. Evidently global warming filled a sort of emptiness, a hollowness in
many men’s souls. Perhaps if people come to see through this con job and
understand the psychology behind their irrational belief, they will not be so
gullible when the next one comes along.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">These quotes
are just a few excerpts from the first chapter of David Archibald’s TWILIGHT OF
ABUNDANCE [Regnery Publishing,
Washington DC, 2014].<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The globe can
be getting warmer or colder, but the idea that the human contribution from
burning carbon fuels has anything to do with it is not only IMHO the biggest
political and intellectual fraud ever – but so says the IPCC itself. To leave
no doubt, in an interview published in the Neue Zürcher Zeitung on 14 November
2010, Professor Ottmar Edenhofer, co-chair of IPCC Working Group III and Deputy
Director and Chief Economist of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Research
(PIK), is quoted saying: “The climate summit in Cancun at the end of the
month is not a climate conference, but one of the largest economic conferences
since the Second World War…. one must say clearly that de facto we redistribute
the world's wealth by climate policy…. <i><u>One has to rid oneself
of the illusion that international climate politics have anything to do with
environmental concerns</u></i><u>.”</u> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Further
details at </span><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.com/2011/10/west-is-facing-new-severe-recession.html"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.com/2011/10/west-is-facing-new-severe-recession.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The ongoing
discussion pro and con is becoming akin to the scholastic argument as to how
many angels can dance on the head of a needle. Which is, of course, exactly what
is intended to achieve worldwide disorientation away from the actual IPCC aims
of global de-democratization and helotization through monetary and energy
politics – the multi-trillion dollar costs of this CO<sub>2</sub> dead-horse
trade appear the biggest ever case of taxation without representation – </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">and bringing
a whole, if not all, of science into disrepute in the process. Even the UK Royal Society has become
Lysenkoist. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Knowing that
there is no escape from THE FOUR LAWS WITHOUT WHICH NOTHING WHATSOEVER IN
THE UNIVERSE THAT HAPPENS, HAPPENS – and which cannot be overruled by edicts
from whoever, be it Dalai Lama, Pope, Obama, Merkel, IMF, UN, EU, IPCC, PIK,
the Supreme Court, EPA, or anyone, I suggest a look at some facts I collected
on the subject in my IDIOT GUIDE TO GLOBAL WARMING at </span><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/11/idiot-guide-to-global-warming.html"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/11/idiot-guide-to-global-warming.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> which according to Google found a
surprisingly large number of readers.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-91611501225468500812015-11-09T16:15:00.000+00:002016-02-04T13:43:02.397+00:00IDIOT GUIDE TO GLOBAL WARMING<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-line-height-alt: 13.65pt;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVKMWzUp9EDOa0w2ofQsV3Fy8PF6fSxohNOo3aOXhXAfR1VVDecfHQOOl8f2bw09I5YWSZ3DHpdAz4Jhbxf8JeKNpxBzYsYJ4CHFTS5wkMAjHWdezHXsuneiWXNr4zQYtwMsbatJDSt8JX/s1600/SEASONS+%25233.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVKMWzUp9EDOa0w2ofQsV3Fy8PF6fSxohNOo3aOXhXAfR1VVDecfHQOOl8f2bw09I5YWSZ3DHpdAz4Jhbxf8JeKNpxBzYsYJ4CHFTS5wkMAjHWdezHXsuneiWXNr4zQYtwMsbatJDSt8JX/s400/SEASONS+%25233.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;">Knowing
that there is no escape from <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;">THE
FOUR LAWS WITHOUT WHICH NOTHING WHATSOEVER IN THE UNIVERSE THAT HAPPENS,
HAPPENS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;">– and which
cannot be overruled by edicts from whoever, be it Dalai Lama, Pope, Obama,
Merkel, IMF, UN, EU, IPCC, PIK, the Supreme Court, EPA, or anyone, it is high
time to remember Alexius Meinong: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;">TRUTH
IS A PURELY HUMAN CONSTRUCT BUT FACTS ARE ETERNAL.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;">My
results of trying to follow this tenet are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;"><br />
In the light of this: </span><a href="http://tinyurl.com/pvzva68"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;">http://tinyurl.com/pvzva68</span></a><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;"><br />
I calculated this: </span><a href="http://tinyurl.com/ot2hlp4"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;">http://tinyurl.com/ot2hlp4</span></a><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;"><br />
Resulting in this: </span><a href="http://tinyurl.com/naexuho"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;">http://tinyurl.com/naexuho</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;">…and this</span></span><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;">: </span><a href="http://tinyurl.com/nbfc2qo"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;">http://tinyurl.com/nbfc2qo</span></a><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;">...and
finding these: </span><a href="http://tinyurl.com/pufzloc"><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;">http://tinyurl.com/pufzloc</span></a><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;"> </span><a href="http://tinyurl.com/orwzfjj" style="font-family: 'Century Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">http://tinyurl.com/orwzfjj</a><br />
<span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;">Best
introductions to critical thinking on this subject I could find.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;">Meanwhile,
SUSTAINABILITY is decoded, defined and published at</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="http://www.lulu.com/spotlight/CleanEnergyPundit">http://www.lulu.com/spotlight/CleanEnergyPundit</a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">
<!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip0QAkSjYhiuMcQGS1DYccLB5wvtF7xvyWWq4m54U1iUHQMqIm2zRyRU1reoAX0KEGuUk49xGdiM3V2oFXWnjmkmHUF82kOcTs2XDDiTxGVIGvhyiQbESTpLX_X6HRvpBCt8QVKr6Xr-o-/s1600/NEW_LULU_SUSTAINABILITY_LULU_TITLE.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; color: #015782; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip0QAkSjYhiuMcQGS1DYccLB5wvtF7xvyWWq4m54U1iUHQMqIm2zRyRU1reoAX0KEGuUk49xGdiM3V2oFXWnjmkmHUF82kOcTs2XDDiTxGVIGvhyiQbESTpLX_X6HRvpBCt8QVKr6Xr-o-/s200/NEW_LULU_SUSTAINABILITY_LULU_TITLE.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="200" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdQLNGHiHG6UtD7zs9TCk_nkZ5ESfIT8maXOht2doF2A-zf0Xqn2ucCyAJWf72PAVEAUxWbbGAaDYB4Fp39ONXYSAlq5apHNQzwZAepoZolIB82_7-CDD3G4fX0chB4mCNri4LyRBLY03f/s1600/NEW_LULU_SUSTAINABILITY_LULU_CONTENTS.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; color: #29aae1; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdQLNGHiHG6UtD7zs9TCk_nkZ5ESfIT8maXOht2doF2A-zf0Xqn2ucCyAJWf72PAVEAUxWbbGAaDYB4Fp39ONXYSAlq5apHNQzwZAepoZolIB82_7-CDD3G4fX0chB4mCNri4LyRBLY03f/s200/NEW_LULU_SUSTAINABILITY_LULU_CONTENTS.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "century gothic" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-90960114013208456832015-10-05T16:29:00.001+01:002016-01-24T09:14:39.866+00:00BUCKMINSTER FULLER - more relevant today than ever!<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">To say it once more - all I know is what I read. </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">And in the course of re-writing my first eBook - </span><i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">SUSTAINABILITY -A Primer - </i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">t</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">wo oldies from 1968 were rediscovered and proved the key to my being able to define that elusive concept 'Sustainability'. [A]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I quote some excerpts from two sources, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">the first being </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOaqYLGJ7_jfGWW7w3HiVYvprFS8AcIfDqnttDi8JWcnY6uW0R02QGKIomYYKsRZcbsuvUMLg5sBDDF6jsguWGc5CRStSZOT6Zl7_kZogTK-Gj9Ex4mrB0zlNLjBjI8QoMQfZVl7YekAMY/s1600/SPACESHIP_FRONT+COVER.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOaqYLGJ7_jfGWW7w3HiVYvprFS8AcIfDqnttDi8JWcnY6uW0R02QGKIomYYKsRZcbsuvUMLg5sBDDF6jsguWGc5CRStSZOT6Zl7_kZogTK-Gj9Ex4mrB0zlNLjBjI8QoMQfZVl7YekAMY/s320/SPACESHIP_FRONT+COVER.png" width="198" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Pocket Books, New York 1971</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">first published by </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Southern Illinois University Press</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">March 1969</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">the second</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-47oYILj_tbrQXUJC7FuoWB5u9fV84T2l0bIeUZ0-X6HleNRE0kMQCivUoKyWoCvTZ1awtP4235CRR6ncx1BKo-wMQ2l05e2wpaBBM0yUXE9s4cFgJWFpQ7eYYlpBst7rcFD5qMEwAn47/s1600/BENIGN_FRON+COVER.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-47oYILj_tbrQXUJC7FuoWB5u9fV84T2l0bIeUZ0-X6HleNRE0kMQCivUoKyWoCvTZ1awtP4235CRR6ncx1BKo-wMQ2l05e2wpaBBM0yUXE9s4cFgJWFpQ7eYYlpBst7rcFD5qMEwAn47/s320/BENIGN_FRON+COVER.png" width="196" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Collier Books, New York, 1970</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">containing Fuller's inaugural lecture</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">of the Littleton Franklin Lectures</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">at Auburn University, October 1968</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">1</span><span style="font-size: 48pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“Man has failed thus far, as a specialist, to
define the microscopic limits of divisibility of the nucleus of the atom, but,
epochally, as accomplished by Einstein, has been able to define successfully
the physical universe but not the metaphysical universe; nor has he, as yet,
defined total universe itself as combining both the physical and
metaphysical. The scientist was able to
define physical universe by virtue of the experimentally-verified discovery
that energy can neither be created nor lost and, therefore, that energy is conserved
and is therefore finite. That means it is equatable…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“But the finite physical universe did not
include the metaphysical weightless experiences of universe. All the
unweighables, such as any and all our thoughts and all the abstract
mathematics, are weightless. Einstein and others have spoken exclusively about
the physical department of universe in words which may be integrated and
digested as the aggregate of nonsimultaneous and only partially overlapping,
nonidentical but always complimentary, omni-transforming, and weighable energy
events. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Eddington defines science as ‘the earnest
attempt to set in order the facts of experience.’ Einstein and many other
first-rank scientists noted that science is concerned exclusively with ‘facts
of experience’. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“Holding to the scientists’ experiences as all
important, I define universe, including both the physical and metaphysical as
follows: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The universe is the aggregate of all of
humanity’s consciously-apprehended and communicated experience whith the
nonsimultaneous, nonidentical, and only partially overlapping, always
complimentary, weighable and unweighables, ever omni-transforming, event
sequences. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“Abraham Lincoln’s concept of ‘right triumphing
over might’ was realized when Einstein as metaphysical intellect wrote the
equation of physical universe E=mc<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 3.5pt; position: relative; top: -3.5pt;">2 </span></sup>and thus comprehended it. Thus
metaphysical took the measure of, and mastered, physical. That relationship
seems by experience to be irreversible. Nothing in our experience suggests that
energy could comprehend and write the equation of intellect. That equation is
operating inexorably, and the metaphysical is now manifesting its ability to
reign over the physical.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This is the essence of human evolution upon
Spaceship Earth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“Man thus began for the first time to really
employ his intellect in the most important way… when he discovered how to use
energy as matter in the form of levers, shafts, gear trains, and dams, and how
to take advantage of and use the energy as Sun radiation which vapourized and
elevated water as atmospheric cloud, allowing it then to be precipitated and
pulled back toward the centre of the spherical Earth from the spherical mantle
of clouds in the form of water molecules collected in droplets. From this
moment of comprehending energy circuits, and thenceforth, man’s really
important function in universe was his intellection, which taught him to
intercept and redirect local energy patternings… to do the manifold tasks
leading directly and indirectly toward humanity’s forward regeneration.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“What we now have demonstrated metaphysically is
that every time man makes a new experiment he always learns more. He cannot
learn less. He may learn that what he thought was true was not true. By the
elimination of a false premise, his basic capital wealth which is his given
lifetime is disembarrassed of further preoccupation with considerations of how
to employ a worthless time-consuming hypothesis. Freeing his time for its more exploratory
investment is to give man increased wealth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“Sumtotally, we find that the physical
constituent of wealth – energy – cannot decrease and that the metaphysical
constituent – know-how – can only increase. This is to say that every time we
use our wealth it increases. This is to say that, countering entropy, wealth
can only increase…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“Wealth is anti-entropy at a most exquisite
degree of concentration. The difference
between mind and brain is that brain deals only with memorized, subjective,
special-case experiences and objective experiments, while mind extracts and
employs the generalized principles and integrates and interrelates their
effective employment. Brain deals exclusively with the physical, and mind
exclusively with the metaphysical. Wealth is the product of the progressive
mastery of matter by mind, and is specifically accountable in forward man-days
of established metabolic regeneration advantages spelt out in hours of life for
specific numbers of individuals released from formerly prescribed
entropy-preoccupying tasks for their respectively individual yet inherently
cooperative elective investment in further anti-entropic effectiveness.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“Our wealth is inherently common wealth and our
common wealth can only increase, and it is increasing at a constantly
self-accelerating rate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This all brings us to a realization of the
enormous educational task which must be successfully accomplished right now in
a hurry in order to convert man’s spin-dive toward oblivion into an
intellectually mastered power pullout into safe and level flight of physical
and intellectual success, whereafter he may turn his Spaceship Earth’s
occupancy into a universe exploring advantage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“These are the synergetic rules that evolution
is employing and trying to make clear to us.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">They are not man-made laws. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">They are the infinitely accommodative laws of
the intellectual integrity governing universe.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">2</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“Man is not unique in having altered his environment.
All living creatures alter the environment in one way or another, and then the
altered environment alters them back. There is a chain reaction that goes on,
giving rise to what we call evolution.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> “The fact, that energy is not lost, has
not yet found its way into our books on economics. In them we still find the
word ‘spending’ – a word referring to that outdated thinking before man knew
that there was a speed of light. What then do we know about our wealth – about
what we can ‘afford’? … I’m going to say to you first, that no matter what you
think wealth is, would you agree with me that no matter how much you have of
it, you can’t alter one iota of yesterday? … So we don’t have to give any
thought to yesterday as we try to think about what wealth is. Whatever wealth
may be, it has to do with our now and our tomorrows but not our yesterdays. … I
would say, then, that what we probably mean by ‘wealth’, really has something
to do with how many forward days we have arranged for our environment to take
care of us and regenerate us in life and give us increased degrees of freedom.
… Now, regeneration of life is produced first with energy … [which] now we find
that the energy part of the universe is conserved – that it cannot be created
or destroyed. … Every time we rearrange our environment, we can get more energy
and more levers to do more work to take care of the regeneration of more and
more of our forward days. These energies are there, and they cannot be spent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“The other element of wealth to be defined is by
far the more important. It is our intellectual capacity to recognize
generalized principles that seem to be operative in the universe and to employ
these principles. … There are a number of very important irreversibles to be
discovered in our universe. One of them is that every time you make an experiment
you learn more; quit literally, you can not learn less. That’s a pretty
interesting fact, isn’t it, because it means that the metaphysical factor in
wealth is one that is always gaining.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“That wealth combines two factors – the
physical which is conserved, the metaphysical which can only increase – isn’t
to be found in our textbooks, but it is what we are learning. It explains the
fact that suddenly completely to our surprise, we find forty percent of
humanity prospering as no king ever dreamt of less than a century ago – in that
yesterday we agree couldn’t be repeated or changed. And it means that we are going
to have to get into a completely new accounting system. There’s not a single
chapter in any book on economics about doing more with less. All the great
secrets, how the world was run by the great powers – all carefully omitted from
the books even now. And there is still no integration of the economists with
the physicists in regard to the inner significance of these matters. The
economists and physicists are all too specialized. But these are the kind of
things we are going to have to learn.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">* ”We therefore proceed ever more earnestly with our general systems
analysis of the problems of human survival, with the premise that at present neither
the world’s political officials nor its bankers know what wealth is.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">* ”Typical of the subsidiary problems
within the whole human survival problem, whose ramifications now go beyond the
prerogatives of planners and must be solved, is the problem of pollution in
general – pollution not only of our air and water but also of the information
stored in our brains.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">* ”It is easy to demonstrate to those who will
take the time and the trouble to unbias their thoughts, that automation swiftly
can multiply the physical energy part of wealth much more rapidly and profusely
than can man’s muscle and brain-reflexed, manually-controlled production. On
the other hand, humans alone can foresee, integrate, and anticipate the new
tasks to be done by progressively automated wealth-producing machinery. To take
advantage of the fabulous magnitudes of real wealth waiting to be employed
intelligently by humans and unblock automation’s postponement by organized
labour, we must give each human who is or becomes unemployed a life fellowship
in research and development or in just simple thinking. Man must be able to
dare to think truthfully and to act accordingly without fear of losing his
franchise to live. … Thus, production… will unleash humanity’s unique
capability – its metaphysical capability. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="right" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">* three apposite & complementary quotes from the MANUAL</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So, planners, architects and engineers, take the
initiative. Go to work, and above all co-operate and don’t hold back on one
another or try to gain at the expense of another. Any success in such
lop-sidedness will be increasingly short-lived. These are the synergetic rules
that evolution is employing and trying to make clear to us. They are the
infinitely accommodative laws of the intellectual integrity governing universe.
</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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”<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It becomes evident, then, that youth’s world-round clamour for peace
can only be realized through technological revolution, which will do so much
more with so much less per each function as ultimately to produce enough to
support all humanity. It is also clear that such task can only be accomplished
by this technological design revolution…They have to shift their effort from
mere political agitation to participating in the design science
revolution. The latter course involves
the development of ever self-regenerating and improving scientific competence, and
that in turn means the individual must plunge earnestly and dedicatedly into
self-development by the resources of an educational system designed to develop
the inherent comprehensivity of humanity.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="right" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;">October, 1968</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;">--- 000 ---<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<o:p> </o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I hope that these quotations may convince you that these two
books, and two referred to in earlier blogs, </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-variant: small-caps;">CRITICAL PATH </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">and</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-variant: small-caps;"> NO MORE SECONDHAND GOD,</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> are
as relevant today as when written. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://bfi.org/"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">https://bfi.org</span></a> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">[A] SUSTAINABILITY - THE FULL MONTY is published by Lulu Press, at </span><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> <a href="http://www.lulu.com/spotlight/CleanEnergyPundit"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.lulu.com/spotlight/CleanEnergyPundit</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">KNOWLEDGE AS WEALTH is also discussed at: </span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/tyger-tyger-after-whiplashing-me-into.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/tyger-tyger-after-whiplashing-me-into.html</a> </span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-4846312158152661852015-08-17T19:09:00.002+01:002016-01-04T16:10:00.731+00:002015 MIDSUMMER MUSINGS<br />
Forgetting my pile of as-yet-to-read books, when Mark Zuckerberg published his books-to-read list – for
example here at <a href="http://tinyurl.com/npy2smc">http://tinyurl.com/npy2smc</a>
– I was delighted to see Vaclav Smil being cited as the one author to read
under the heading Energy. He has long been one of my heroes on this and many
other subjects about which he has written (just check out his publications in
Wikipedia here: <a href="http://tinyurl.com/q9onoy6">http://tinyurl.com/q9onoy6</a>
). [1]<br />
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Of special interest is this advice in his <i>‘Energy at the Crossroads: Global
Perspectives and Uncertainties’ </i>[MIT Press 2003]: <o:p></o:p></div>
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<i>“The fundamental reason why carbon dioxide abundance in the atmosphere
is critically important to biology is that there is so little of it.<br />
A field of corn growing in full sunlight in the middle of the day uses up all
the carbon dioxide within a meter of the ground in about five minutes. If the
air were not constantly stirred by convection currents and winds, the corn
would not be able to grow.” <o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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Since the first ‘space salad’ was now grown and eaten by the
astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS), I wonder what
concentration of CO2 was used in the first actual ‘glass house for food’ in
Space, when even here on Earth glasshouse plant and food growers put additional
CO2 into their greenhouses to avoid their plants withering because of CO2
starvation.<br />
<br />
{ PS on 04 JAN 2016: As Tim Peake's first interview from the International Space Station makes clear [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhzWTbe9WNc - at about 8 minutes in ] , the CO2 content of the ISS atmosphere is ten times that on Earth - to reduce fire risk - but plants obviously thrive on it } <o:p></o:p></div>
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The UN/IMF/IPPC stance on the subject just is not possible
considering THE FOUR LAWS WITHOUT WHICH NOTHING WHATSOEVER IN THE UNIVERSE THAT
HAPPENS, HAPPENS (as shown here: <a href="http://tinyurl.com/pvzva68">http://tinyurl.com/pvzva68</a> with its
corollary here: <span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/ot2hlp4">http://tinyurl.com/ot2hlp4</a> </span>,
or in another summary here: <a href="http://tinyurl.com/naexuho">http://tinyurl.com/naexuho</a>
). <o:p></o:p></div>
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In the US these natural laws are now, of course, superseded
by a 2007 Lysenkoist edict from the Supreme Court declaring carbon dioxide a
pollutant, and as a result it won’t be long until we see EPA staged Stalinesque
show trials. Lo and behold – here appears
one in the making: <o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://tinyurl.com/ng4qrhx">http://tinyurl.com/ng4qrhx</a><o:p></o:p></div>
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Returning to pollutants from burning any fuels – coal, oil,
gas, wood etc –, the only pollutants given off are SOXs NOXs OBNOXs -- sulphur
oxides, nitrogen oxides, anything else ‘obnoxious’ incl carbon monoxide from
incomplete combustion, and, of course, particulates (that is the ‘smoke’ that
you actually can see – unlike carbon dioxide which is invisible, as are the
most dangerous particulates of less than 2.5microns in diameter; think of
asbestos) -- all of which are the province of clean air legislation. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i>The Economist </i>of 15 August 2015 has drastic descriptions
of the pollution problems in China:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: inherit;">“The capital’s “airpocalypse”, the choking smog that descended on
Beijing in the winter of 2012-13, galvanised public opinion and spooked the
government…<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i> </i><i>Responding to the outcry, the government set up a national
air-reporting system which now has almost 1,000 monitoring stations, pumping
out hourly reports on six pollutants, including sulphur dioxide, ozone and (the
main culprit) particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter, or PM2.5.
These are tiny particles which lodge in the lungs and cause respiratory
disease. The six are the main cause of local pollution but have little to do
with climate change, since they do not include carbon dioxide, the main
greenhouse gas… </i>[1]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: inherit;">Pollution is sky-high everywhere in China. Some 83% of
Chinese are exposed to air that, in America, would be deemed by the
Environmental Protection Agency either to be unhealthy or unhealthy for
sensitive groups. Almost half the population of China experiences levels of
PM2.5 that are above America’s highest threshold. That is even worse than the
satellite data had suggested.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span style="font-family: inherit;">Berkeley Earth’s scientific director, Richard Muller, says
breathing Beijing’s air is the equivalent of smoking almost 40 cigarettes a day
and calculates that air pollution causes 1.6m deaths a year in China, or 17% of
the total. A previous estimate, based on a study of pollution in the Huai river
basin (which lies between the Yellow and Yangzi rivers), put the toll at 1.2m
deaths a year—still high.”</span><span style="color: #4a4a4a; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 11.25pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFNkGDeMXcIvQ9Y5zQRwPzzwcRKhHPkMhQ_wB9r-9-tPpgQsghxjU_lpO3-BpEqKcNhy-Bw18jexYGSvU4OUpdm87GZWw-xI9XpOt2hHGTcJt2GG2R_fmsbzRbRrxv8qp2vefUlxCuxnA4/s1600/CHINA_20150815_CNM994_0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFNkGDeMXcIvQ9Y5zQRwPzzwcRKhHPkMhQ_wB9r-9-tPpgQsghxjU_lpO3-BpEqKcNhy-Bw18jexYGSvU4OUpdm87GZWw-xI9XpOt2hHGTcJt2GG2R_fmsbzRbRrxv8qp2vefUlxCuxnA4/s400/CHINA_20150815_CNM994_0.png" width="347" /></a></div>
<br />
China Cities Smog here: <a href="http://tinyurl.com/pe9r4mc" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">http://tinyurl.com/pe9r4mc</a><br />
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And here are some pictures from Space: <a href="http://tinyurl.com/bbp4udl">http://tinyurl.com/bbp4udl</a>
.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Telling as these descriptions, graphic and views from Space
are – no mention of a single death or even illness caused by carbon dioxide is mentioned. Yes, CO2 has killed people and livestock, as
at Lake Nyos in Cameroon and elsewhere, see <a href="http://tinyurl.com/cdk54sd">http://tinyurl.com/cdk54sd</a>
, but not by being ‘poisonous’ but simply by swamping the local atmosphere with
CO2 to such an extent that there was no oxygen left and deaths were caused by
asphyxiation. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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Coming back to books, Mark Zuckerberg mentions that Smil’s
book is about ‘physical rather than social sciences.’ But I find that the longer I
read up, and blog, on Clean Energy, that you cannot have CleanEnergy without
CleanPolitics, not least in light of President Eisenhower’s admonition in his
Farewell Address on 17 January 1961 “…the free university, historically the
fountainhead of free ideas and scientific discovery has experienced a
revolution in the conduct of research … [when] a government contract becomes
virtually a substitute for intellectual curiosity.” Much the same admonition
was expressed by <b>Helmut Schmidt</b>, the former German Chancellor, in his address
to the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft on the occasion of its Centenary Ceremony on 11
January 2011 in Berlin, under the title ‘The Responsibility of Research in
the 21st Century’. More at: <o:p></o:p><a href="http://tinyurl.com/p7p5tp6" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">http://tinyurl.com/p7p5tp6</a><br />
<i>[PS: now sadly IN MEMORIAM on learning of Helmut Schmidt's death today, 10 November 2015].</i><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i>[NB: I have never met Helmut Schmidt, but come to remember it,
I did meet President Eisenhower in the Oval Office in July 1953 as an
American Field Service sponsored exchange student.]</i><br />
<i><span style="font-size: xx-small;">.</span></i></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
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In these respects, as addressed by Eisenhower and Schmidt,
‘social sciences’ are of no help – only some frank descriptions of political
reality are needed. Some primers I found useful are<br />
<br />
Richard Buckminster Fuller<br />
CRITICAL PATH, Hutchinson, London, 1983<br />
Noam Chomsky<br />
HOW THE WORLD WORKS, Hamish Hamilton, London, 2012<br />
POWER SYSTEMS, Hamish Hamilton, London, 2013<br />
Joseph A Klein<br />
GLOBAL DECEPTION, World Ahead Publishing Inc, Los Angeles CA, 2005<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
[1] notice the continued allusion to ‘climate change’, as if
CO2 could possibly have anything to do with it – as stated by spokesmen of the
IPCC themselves no less: <a href="http://tinyurl.com/q4rtmvf">http://tinyurl.com/q4rtmvf</a>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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In this respect, I am aghast also at what I read in <i>Scientific American</i> (September 2015
issue), where on page 7 under the heading <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Science Agenda </span>by the Editors: <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><i>Opinion and analysis from the
Scientific American Board of Editors: <o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i>“Then, as now, actions* were driven in large part by antiscientific
opposition to evidence that global warming has a human trigger”</i> <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<div style="text-align: right;">
*<span style="font-size: xx-small; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">in relation to the NASA Earth science budget
allocation by the current administration</span>.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
</div>
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I wonder what Martin Gardner would have had to say in his SCIENCE: GOOD BAD AND BOGUS when learning about this editorial board pontification of turning <i>Scientific American</i> into an oxymoron.<br />
<br /></div>
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Not to be outdone, “<b><i>This crime against future generations” </i></b>blares
an Opinion headline on page 24 in The Times of 15 August 2015, with a sub-head
of “<b><i>Earth’s
fate depends on action now over climate change.
Our short-terminism stands in shameful contrast to our forebears”.</i></b>
Author being no less a person than Martin Rees – Lord Rees of Ludlow,
Astronomer Royal, who also is on the Board of Advisors of <i>Scientific American</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Methinks all these <span style="text-transform: uppercase;">Nuremberg
Meme Funnellers</span> will have a lot to answer for – because</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>It ain’t necessarily
so</i>. <a href="http://tinyurl.com/naexuho">http://tinyurl.com/naexuho</a> <o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<br />
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<br />
<br />
PS: some further useful links:<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPzpPXuASY8">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPzpPXuASY8</a> <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Dr Tim Ball<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://wattsupwiththat.com/2015/07/28/a-co-founder-of-greenpeace-tells-the-truth-on-co2/">http://wattsupwiththat.com/2015/07/28/a-co-founder-of-greenpeace-tells-the-truth-on-co2/</a> <o:p></o:p><br />
and here:<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.thegwpf.org/patrick-moore-should-we-celebrate-carbon-dioxide/">http://www.thegwpf.org/patrick-moore-should-we-celebrate-carbon-dioxide/</a></span><br />
and the <span style="font-size: large;"><b>VIDEO</b></span> here:<br />
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.thegwpf.com/video-of-patrick-moores-gwpf-lecture-should-we-celebrate-co2/">http://www.thegwpf.com/video-of-patrick-moores-gwpf-lecture-should-we-celebrate-co2/</a> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Dr Patrick Moore<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=124&v=LKTZRjJFdXk">https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=124&v=LKTZRjJFdXk</a>
<o:p></o:p></div>
ROAYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.mrctv.org/videos/nobel-prize-winning-physicist-obama-dead-wrong-global-warming">http://www.mrctv.org/videos/nobel-prize-winning-physicist-obama-dead-wrong-global-warming</a>
<o:p></o:p></div>
LINDAU #1<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://joannenova.com.au/2015/08/a-disgrace-to-the-profession-the-worlds-scientists-own-words-on-mann-and-his-hockey-stick/#more-43948">http://joannenova.com.au/2015/08/a-disgrace-to-the-profession-the-worlds-scientists-own-words-on-mann-and-his-hockey-stick/#more-43948</a>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The World's Scientists own words on Mann and his Hockey Stick<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.thegwpf.com/obamas-coal-expropriation-george-soros-buys-up-cheap-coal-shares/">http://www.thegwpf.com/obamas-coal-expropriation-george-soros-buys-up-cheap-coal-shares/</a>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.snl.com/MobileX/UI/Pages/News/Article.aspx?cdid=A-33567529-11817&FreeAccess=1">http://www.snl.com/MobileX/UI/Pages/News/Article.aspx?cdid=A-33567529-11817&FreeAccess=1</a><o:p></o:p></div>
Soros buys Coal<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
And a flashback:<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.sott.net/article/277349-Top-scientist-resigns-from-post-admits-Global-Warming-is-a-scam">http://www.sott.net/article/277349-Top-scientist-resigns-from-post-admits-Global-Warming-is-a-scam</a> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
[1]<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
To
stay with Vaclav Smil, my often quoted TYGER reads provider, e.g. in <a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/03/tyger-tygers.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/03/tyger-tygers.html</a> </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
I offer two further of his comments for consideration:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>“Russia, too, is part
of my Europe. Arguments about Russia’s place in (or outside of) Europe have
been going on for centuries… I have never understood the Western reluctance of
the Russian hesitancy to place the country unequivocally in Europe… its
history, music, literature, engineering, and science make it quintessentially
European.”</i> p.93<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
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<i>“Russia has another
strength in its intellectual capacity. The country has always had many highly
creative scientists and engineers, whose fundamental contributions are
generally unknown to the Western public. How many people watching a scanner
toting up their groceries know that Russian physicists, together with their US
colleagues, pioneered masers and lasers. (Nobel prices in physics were awarded
to Nikolai Gennadievich Basov and Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov in 1964 and
to Zhores Ivanovich Alferov in 2000.) How many people seeing the images of the
US Air Force stealth planes know that this class of aircraft began with Piotr
Iakovlevich Ufimtse’s (1962) equations for predicting the reflections of
electromagnetic waves from surfaces?”</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<br /></div>
Why I do what I do is at<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/04/why-some-haveasked-what-it-actually-is.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/04/why-some-haveasked-what-it-actually-is.html</a> </span><span style="font-family: Century Gothic, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
And on Sustainability:<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SUSTAINABILITY - THE FULL MONTY is published by Lulu Press, at </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <a href="http://www.lulu.com/spotlight/CleanEnergyPundit" style="color: #015782; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.lulu.com/spotlight/CleanEnergyPundit</span></a></span></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip0QAkSjYhiuMcQGS1DYccLB5wvtF7xvyWWq4m54U1iUHQMqIm2zRyRU1reoAX0KEGuUk49xGdiM3V2oFXWnjmkmHUF82kOcTs2XDDiTxGVIGvhyiQbESTpLX_X6HRvpBCt8QVKr6Xr-o-/s1600/NEW_LULU_SUSTAINABILITY_LULU_TITLE.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip0QAkSjYhiuMcQGS1DYccLB5wvtF7xvyWWq4m54U1iUHQMqIm2zRyRU1reoAX0KEGuUk49xGdiM3V2oFXWnjmkmHUF82kOcTs2XDDiTxGVIGvhyiQbESTpLX_X6HRvpBCt8QVKr6Xr-o-/s200/NEW_LULU_SUSTAINABILITY_LULU_TITLE.png" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdQLNGHiHG6UtD7zs9TCk_nkZ5ESfIT8maXOht2doF2A-zf0Xqn2ucCyAJWf72PAVEAUxWbbGAaDYB4Fp39ONXYSAlq5apHNQzwZAepoZolIB82_7-CDD3G4fX0chB4mCNri4LyRBLY03f/s1600/NEW_LULU_SUSTAINABILITY_LULU_CONTENTS.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdQLNGHiHG6UtD7zs9TCk_nkZ5ESfIT8maXOht2doF2A-zf0Xqn2ucCyAJWf72PAVEAUxWbbGAaDYB4Fp39ONXYSAlq5apHNQzwZAepoZolIB82_7-CDD3G4fX0chB4mCNri4LyRBLY03f/s200/NEW_LULU_SUSTAINABILITY_LULU_CONTENTS.png" width="200" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000</div>
<br />
ADDENDUM posted 26 NOV 2015:<br />
<br />
HOW TO BREAK THE CLIMATE DEADLOCK...<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">…either in accordance with
this article in the December 2015 issue of <i>Scientific American</i> and its
featured article which raises the question whether it is not only Lysenkoist –
as we know from its support of the HockeySchtick – or whether <i>Scientific
American</i> is now hell-bent to make an oxymoron of its title, when compared
to the considerations expressed in <i>the Idiot Guide to Global Warming </i> at
<a href="http://tinyurl.com/qjxakew">http://tinyurl.com/qjxakew</a> ? You
decide!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYvswq7q2KFLjUgwuUiZu1vrW9y9ATUzEts4WQm4Iiry4WsG9VS6PLJPzORlWEpHpC9qU38xBCgVgFWKyK-JEdQQktd1SGn2g1AkoouM93cuNISt84mDtzPcgBU8B-3sI5Z1RW59gy3rf2/s1600/HOW+TO+BREAK+THE+CLIMATE+DEADLOCK.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYvswq7q2KFLjUgwuUiZu1vrW9y9ATUzEts4WQm4Iiry4WsG9VS6PLJPzORlWEpHpC9qU38xBCgVgFWKyK-JEdQQktd1SGn2g1AkoouM93cuNISt84mDtzPcgBU8B-3sI5Z1RW59gy3rf2/s400/HOW+TO+BREAK+THE+CLIMATE+DEADLOCK.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-44951409464591358352015-08-01T07:11:00.001+01:002015-10-22T13:36:11.398+01:00TYGER ANGRY<h2>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large; font-weight: normal;">TYGER ANGRY</span></h2>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Trajan Pro', serif; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">hic sunt dracones mundi totius</span></span><span style="font-family: "Trajan Pro",serif; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYM8aed-nI9AOTRTvzqF6Q5B7nj97CeG9qmK6e2ElNZu1lBfTHUJHGe0bC5d8CWuFBlAkd7TKswU0t_oT0M5aibpoYz6n8FMKt9PsYZlZHUmZyXqJ0opTBkVYKLPbWTi7QSs689624yGjq/s1600/maxresdefault.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYM8aed-nI9AOTRTvzqF6Q5B7nj97CeG9qmK6e2ElNZu1lBfTHUJHGe0bC5d8CWuFBlAkd7TKswU0t_oT0M5aibpoYz6n8FMKt9PsYZlZHUmZyXqJ0opTBkVYKLPbWTi7QSs689624yGjq/s400/maxresdefault.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<o:p> <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Brian Dunning in </span></o:p><span style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Google Images</span></span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> apposite header for this update on global dragons:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">World Ahead Publishing Inc, Los Angeles CA, First Edition 2005</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From the Introduction:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> “..... As the <i>New York Times</i> columnist<i> </i>David
Brooks put it, the UN has become the instrument of ‘elites’ and ‘technocrats’
who want to turn the unelected bodies of the UN and related global forums into
some sort of ‘supranational authority’. (For the sake of clarity, we’ll refer
to these elitists throughout as ‘globalists’.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Secretary-General Kofi Annan – and Boutros
Boutros-Ghali before him – have actively promoted this ideology, with the
encouragement from the majority of developing countries who dominate the UN’s
General Assembly and stand to gain from the world organization’s aggrandizement
at the expense of the United States.
Sympathetic world leaders like French President Jacques Chirac,
prominent liberal ‘thought’ leaders like Bill Clinton and his Presidential
aspirant wife Hilary, and the editorial board of the New York Times all
contribute to giving the globalists a prominent platform on the world stage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Copious funding from Billionaires such as
George Soros and Ted Turner keep the globalist propaganda machine whirling
away. The globalists’ left-wing, anti-American proselytizing is additionally
facilitated by the immense resources afforded them by private, unelected and
unaccountable advocacy organizations – known as NGOs – including such extremist
groups as Amnesty International and Greenpeace.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> While the UN’s
past failures and present travails get most of the media attention, the real
story lies in the dangerous direction the organization is taking with
globalists at the helm .....”</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">TYGER angry in the night</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in the forest, not so bright</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">anymore</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ooo 000 ooo</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">But Sustainability could be unravelled and defined:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> SUSTAINABILITY - THE FULL MONTY is published by Lulu Press, at </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://www.lulu.com/spotlight/CleanEnergyPundit" style="color: #015782; text-decoration: none;">http://www.lulu.com/spotlight/CleanEnergyPundit</a></span></span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-17003697668557618322015-07-01T23:47:00.000+01:002016-09-25T13:27:30.153+01:00THE BIRTH OF THERMODYNAMICS<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">THE
FOUR LAWS</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">WITHOUT
WHICH NOTHING WHATSOEVER<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">THROUGHOUT
THE UNIVERSE THAT HAPPENS,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">HAPPENS.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">These Laws are,
of course – you guessed it – the Laws of Thermodynamics, of which the First,
Second and Third are familiar, when best remembered in the words of C P Snow: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: blue;">First Law</span></b>: <b>You cannot win</b>, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">that is, you cannot get
something for nothing, because matter and energy are conserved</span></i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Second Law</span></b>: <b>You
cannot break even</b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 108.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">meaning that you cannot
return to the same energy state, because there is always an increase in
disorder; entropy always increases.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Third Law</span></b>: <b>You
cannot get out of the game,</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> <i>because absolute
zero is unattainable.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">So far it
sufficed to know (at least among laymen like me) that this ‘absolute zero’ is
zero K (the zero point in the Kelvin scale of temperature, or -273.15 °C in the
familiar Celsius scale). Peter Atkins in his book (shown illustrated in
slide [A] below) relates the need for another law to describe the term
‘temperature’ in these words:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">“<u>Classical
thermodynamics</u> is the part of thermodynamics that emerged during the
nineteenth century before everyone was fully convinced about the reality of
atoms, and concerns relationships between bulk properties. You can do classical
thermodynamics even if you don’t believe in atoms. Towards the end of the
nineteenths century, when most scientists accepted that atoms are real and not
just an accounting device, there emerged the version of thermodynamics called <u>statistical
thermodynamics</u>, which sought to account for the bulk property of matter in
terms of its constituent atoms… <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">“In short, whereas
dynamics deals with the behaviour of individual bodies, <u>thermo</u>dynamics
deals with the average behaviour of vast numbers of them…<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">“Speaking about the
‘inside’ of a system, its structure of atoms and molecules, is alien to classical
thermodynamics, but it adds deep insight, and science is all about insight.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">And therefore
the need for the Zeroth Law -- zeroth, because the existing three laws of
thermodynamics <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">“… are so well established
that there was no hope of going back and renumbering them</span></i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">. <i>As
will become apparent, each law provides an <b>experimental
foundation</b> for the introduction of a thermodynamic property. The zeroth law
establishes the meaning of what is perhaps the most familiar but is in fact the
most enigmatic of these properties: <b>temperature</b>.”<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; text-indent: -72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: blue;">Zeroth Law</span></b>: <b>If A is in thermal
equilibrium with B, and B is in thermal equilibrium with C, then C will be in
thermal equilibrium with A.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 108.0pt;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">“The zeroth law implies
that just as the pressure is a physical property that enables us to anticipate
when systems will be in mechanical equilibrium when brought together regardless
of their composition and size, then there exists a property that enables us to
anticipate when two systems will be in thermal equilibrium regardless of their
composition and size: we call this universal property the <u>temperature</u>…<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">“The zeroth law is the
basis of the existence of a <u>thermometer</u>, a device for measuring
temperature. A thermometer is just a special case of the system <b>B</b> that we talked about earlier.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Slide [A]</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">A footnote
regarding the reporting of energy is also given by Atkins, and I think worth
quoting here:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">“<i>Energy is reported in joules (J): 1 J = 1 kg m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>-2</sup>. We
could think of 1J as the energy of a 2 kg ball travelling at 1 m s<sup>-1</sup>. Each pulse of the human heart expends an
energy of about 1 J.”<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Shortly after I
had prepared Slide [A] for a talk, I paid a short visit to Munich where I was
dumbfounded by seeing what I meanwhile made into Slide [B], as part of an
exhibition simply entitled RUMFORD (Count Rumford, Benjamin Thompson, 1753 –
1814). This exhibition covered many aspects
of life and work of this cosmopolitan multi-talent, equally at home in Boston,
Munich, London (Fellowship of the Royal Society, 1781; founder of the Royal
Institution) and Paris. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">One of the
displays on show was a scale model of his horse powered experiment to help
clarify the relationship between energy, work and heat quantity. An exhaustive and beautifully presented 370-page
Quarto format book [RUMFORD, Rezepte für ein besseres Bayern (RUMFORD, recipes
for a better Bavaria), Münchner Stadtmuseum & Hirmer Verlag GmbH, Munich,
2014; author: Thomas Weidner], accompanied the exhibition, from which the
illustration in my talk slide [B] is taken.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeuyPHqJRf1s1EVsl_lRU2PWUCYlQnVp2iN8KR-yDWA6qyLN4MbLR-t7V5lNe4JVSJfYVAHS-89sqMLqrk6G6i5qpjkJd2nTkbqOuzR3aBZI5z4M0Q86vUGBOnzQ74nnZ5FdDNQQYbnzbB/s1600/BIRTH+OF+THERMODYNAMICS.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeuyPHqJRf1s1EVsl_lRU2PWUCYlQnVp2iN8KR-yDWA6qyLN4MbLR-t7V5lNe4JVSJfYVAHS-89sqMLqrk6G6i5qpjkJd2nTkbqOuzR3aBZI5z4M0Q86vUGBOnzQ74nnZ5FdDNQQYbnzbB/s400/BIRTH+OF+THERMODYNAMICS.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Slide [B]</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Let me quote
this excerpt from the start of Thomas Weidner’s account of this of Count
Rumford’s many experiments (my translation):</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">“From this best known of
Rumford’s experiments he derived a proof that heat is a form of
energy-in-motion which is still valid today. His researches brought a
long-running dispute to end; it had started with the hypothesis that heat
should be classified as a form of matter. This substance made the rounds at the
time under names like ‘Caloricum’ or ‘Phlogiston’ in learned discussions. A
leading proponent, among others, of this ‘caloric’ theory of heat was the
chemist Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier (1743 – 1794) who believed that this
proposed heat fluidum could be regarded as one of the chemical elements. It is
one of history’s curiosa, that Rumford later married Lavoisier’s widow.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">With this demonstration of
the kinetic definition of heat, Rumford was instrumental in helping the
opposite view to become the winner in this dispute. It was a fundamental
concept underlying the development of industrialisation during the 19<sup>th</sup>
century….”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Having been
primed by Peter Atkins’ description and definition of the Zeroth Law of
Thermodynamics before seeing this RUMFORD exhibition and then also reading
Thomas Weidner’s detailed account of Rumford’s experimental setup and account
of his meticulous records of thermometer readings, the thought occurred to me
that this experiment could well be termed the Birth of Thermodynamics with this
model as iconic reminder. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Rumford
presented his experiment to the Royal Society in London on25 January 1798 under
the title <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">An
Experimental Inquiry concerning the Source of Heat which is Excited by
Friction.</span></u><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> I found it
published as one of nine other of Rumford’s presentations in the collection by
Sanborn C Brown: <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> Pergamon Press First Edition 1967</span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Rumford
concludes his presentation to the Royal Society with these observations (as
printed in the Society’s <i><u>Philosophical
Transactions</u></i>):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">“And in reasoning on this
subject, we must not forget to consider that most remarkable of circumstance,
that the source of the Heat generated by friction, in these experiments,
appeared evidently to be <u>inexhaustible</u>.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">It is hardly necessary to
add, that anything which any <u>insulated </u>body, or system of bodies, can
continue to furnish <u>without limitation</u>, cannot possibly be a <u>material
substance</u>; and it appears to me to be extremely difficult, if not quite
impossible, to form any distinct idea of anything capable of being excited and
communicated in the manner the Heat was excited and communicated in these
experiments, except by MOTION.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">I am very far from
pretending to know how, or by what means or mechanical contrivance, that
particular motion in bodies which has been supposed to constitute Heat is
excited, continued, and propagated; and I shall not presume to trouble the
Society with mere conjectures, particularly on a subject which, during so many
thousand years, the most enlightened philosophers have endeavoured, but in
vain, to comprehend.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">But, although the
mechanism of Heat should, in fact, be one of those mysteries of nature which
are beyond the reach of human intelligence, this ought by no means to
discourage us or even lessen our ardour, in our attempts to investigate the
laws of its operations…<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">“Nobody, surely, in his
sober senses, has even pretended to understand the mechanism of gravitation;
and yet what sublime discoveries was our immortal Newton enabled to make,
merely by the investigation of the laws of its action!<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The effects produced in
the world by the agency of Heat are probably <u>just as extensive</u>, and
quite as important, as those which are owing to the tendency of the particles
of matter towards each other; and there is no doubt but its operations are, in
all cases, determined by laws equally immutable.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Before I finish this
Essay, I would beg leave to observe, that although, in treating the subject I
have endeavoured to investigate, I have made no mention of the names of those
who have gone over the same ground before me, nor of the success of their labours,
this omission has not been owing to any want of respect for my predecessors,
but was merely to avoid prolixity, and to be more at liberty to pursue, without
interruption, the natural train of my own ideas.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">That experiment
of Count Rumford has, no doubt – as in his explicit acknowledgement – had a
long intergenerational and interpersonal gestation period, but his iconic
experiment here described surely was the eventual ‘birth’ of the laws of
thermodynamics, starting with his establishing the energetic equivalence of
‘Heat’ (in the parlance of the time) and Work, or in today’s parlance, the
identity of Energy, Work and Quantity-of-Heat. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">As a result of
this re-acquaintance with the Four Laws – without which nothing in the Universe
that happens, happens – I updated one of my blogsite excursions based on Oliver
Morton’s book <i>Eating the Sun. </i>This sequitur can be found at <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/06/eating-sun-fourth-estatelondon-2009.html"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/06/eating-sun-fourth-estatelondon-2009.html</span></a><i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2c_ub2XpqwR1iqLST2wd0-yvbiIfTZ1ikHn0y7zQDRnT6Ge4R7aDfQwfWa66C2PRxaQY8BzKefsUPQBDajDnHs0WBqQk5bXs4CI7ZkT2S8IhssseNx1vU6qpmrTwiBTKyY5UtTkuNQSH-/s1600/OLIVER+MORTON+EPILOGUE.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2c_ub2XpqwR1iqLST2wd0-yvbiIfTZ1ikHn0y7zQDRnT6Ge4R7aDfQwfWa66C2PRxaQY8BzKefsUPQBDajDnHs0WBqQk5bXs4CI7ZkT2S8IhssseNx1vU6qpmrTwiBTKyY5UtTkuNQSH-/s400/OLIVER+MORTON+EPILOGUE.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">I count myself
lucky that Amazon, with its wide net also embracing second-hand bookshops, has
found Sanborn C Brown’s book for me. Not
only for being able to read Rumford’s own accounts of his work, but more
importantly for the <i>Preface</i> by the
editors of the ‘<i>Commonwealth and
International Library of Science Technology Engineering and Liberal Studies’ </i>under
whose auspices this book has seen the light of day in 1967. At the same time I
am sad because the only reason that this book has found its way into the second-hand
market is that a US university library released it from their collection.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Some excerpts
from this <i>Preface</i> may explain my
concern:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">“The publication explosion
in scientific literature had dictated such an economy of publication space that
the periodical literature in physics at the present time is written in a
peculiar type of clipped language and laconic style which conveys nothing but
the bare outline of the scientific contribution…<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">“This has not always been
the case and in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries the accepted
scientific writings were often attempts at literary efforts which were aimed at
being as interesting to the general public as it was useful to the professional
natural philosopher…<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">“In this process of
streamlining and making efficient scientific reporting, something of real value
has been lost which shows up in many ways, including the currently popular
image of the scientific endeavour as one of inhuman attention to ‘cold fact’
and the reputation of the scientific enterprise as one in which the scientist
himself, as a human being, must never appear. The fact is, of course, that the
scientist today is just as human as the scientist of 150 to 200 years ago but
until we find some better way of transmitting scientific information than the
present written scientific communication to cope with the information explosion
of the modern scientific age, the current tendency will continue toward making
the scientific paper less and less readable to more and more people…<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">“Count Rumford typifies
much of the scientific enterprise of the eighteenth century. Few of the leading
research scientists were trained professionals…. It was an age in which the
learned society fulfilled the function of our present-day research laboratory
and the scientific communication was written to be interesting to the general
educated world…”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">For the chance
of any user of that university library [</span><a href="http://www.gonzaga.edu/About/copyright-privacy/Copyright-Information.asp">Gonzaga University</a><span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;">] to stumble upon this whole, more than
two printed pages long editorial </span><i style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;">Preface, </i><span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;">would have warranted its retention.
Their loss is my gain, and I am thankfully drawing attention to it here.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-41759613830116483452015-05-01T13:50:00.000+01:002016-08-24T07:12:27.956+01:00SPRING-CLEANING TIME<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">SPRING-CLEANING TIME</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Those <i><span style="font-size: large;">Nuremberg Meme Funnellers </span></i> have a
lot to answer for –</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p> </o:p><span style="text-indent: 0cm;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 0cm;"> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvWOgrVEMzpYWRRgjQ7VoerJ4qsU_vV6DU4J3I2U7sluty71tnbARwpaDWt_d1QeYZccIzyLSJxsuwCTnzk1tZF_ljGDXF8QTxuLYEnh9vfbgiJ3JJKhIxktLQtvwvbjhmWGgrDDjAvX_P/s1600/AL+GORE+NBG+FUNNEL.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvWOgrVEMzpYWRRgjQ7VoerJ4qsU_vV6DU4J3I2U7sluty71tnbARwpaDWt_d1QeYZccIzyLSJxsuwCTnzk1tZF_ljGDXF8QTxuLYEnh9vfbgiJ3JJKhIxktLQtvwvbjhmWGgrDDjAvX_P/s400/AL+GORE+NBG+FUNNEL.jpg" width="255" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> cf.</span> </span><a href="http://tinyurl.com/naexuho" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">http://tinyurl.com/naexuho</span></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpac4y_c-YmTMy2zcTHn_V2uHZRjp5VKlQoapoFRh56EWTj8dvM-tMU8AarDZcRQoMbIapp4_yzFX9aIouLxIAtI0NqGWO7FuzgfJnlHUp5aI_repZXMQf8Gh77vNRVST7mhrVJ9YGjSYp/s1600/NBG+FUNNEL+%232.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpac4y_c-YmTMy2zcTHn_V2uHZRjp5VKlQoapoFRh56EWTj8dvM-tMU8AarDZcRQoMbIapp4_yzFX9aIouLxIAtI0NqGWO7FuzgfJnlHUp5aI_repZXMQf8Gh77vNRVST7mhrVJ9YGjSYp/s400/NBG+FUNNEL+%232.jpg" width="257" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">cf.</span> </span><a href="http://tinyurl.com/pdy7eka" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">http://tinyurl.com/pdy7eka</span></a><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">There are not only my own memes needing scrutiny, but a
general vogue of meme reviews appears to be happening. Here is a more or less random selection that
recently gave me rise to reappraise some earlier adopted views, and some views
I see being scrutinised by others with suggestions for consideration, or which
also caused me to take note of what’s going on.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span>I
have adopted the concepts of <i>Clean Energy</i>
and <i>Sustainability</i> as my main areas
of study and would, therefore, like to begin with these connected selection of memes
as first in this listing. I have already
stated bluntly that I regard the fable of man-made global warming as the
biggest political and intellectual fraud ever, giving my reasons at <a href="http://tinyurl.com/naexuho">http://tinyurl.com/naexuho</a>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1.1.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Considering
<i>Clean Energy</i> it became apparent early
on that (similarly with <i>Sustainability</i>)
the energy under consideration is not only that measured in physical terms –
e.g. energy work = quantity of heat, measured in joule (J), or more familiarly
in kilowatt-hours (kWh – the units in which our energy bills are invoiced,
where 1 kWh = 3 600 000 or 3.6x10^6 joules), but also needs
consideration in terms of ‘<i>social energy’</i>
measured economically in terms of money
– say, US dollars, or in political clout through elected or usurped political
offices.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1.2.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->As
I had the privilege of meeting President Dwight D Eisenhower in the Oval Office
in July 1953 [as part of a small group of American Field Service sponsored
exchange students] he comes first to mind when US Presidents are
mentioned. Much so when quoting his Farewell
Address of 17 January 1961, quoted in <a href="http://tinyurl.com/pddpshy">http://tinyurl.com/pddpshy</a>,
part of which bears repeating here: Two
warnings struck a chord:<br />
<i>" ..... threats, new in kind or degree, constantly arise. Of these, I
mention two only.....<br />
A vital element in keeping the peace is our military establishment..... In the
councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted
influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex.
...We should take nothing for granted. Only an alert and knowledgeable
citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military
machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and
liberty may prosper together. In the
same fashion, the free university, historically the fountainhead of free ideas and
scientific discovery, has experienced a revolution in the conduct of research.
Partly because of the huge costs involved, a government contract becomes
virtually a substitute for intellectual curiosity". </i> Full
text at <a href="http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/dwightdeisenhowerfarewell.html">http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/dwightdeisenhowerfarewell.html</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> In similar terms, former German Chancellor
Helmut Schmidt berated the Max Planck Gesellschaft with his lecture <i>The
Responsibility of Research in the 21st Century</i>, related at. <a href="http://tinyurl.com/p7p5tp6">http://tinyurl.com/p7p5tp6</a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1.3.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->The
last two items now appear inadequate when related also to ‘social’ energy (<i>political clout </i>and/or <i>money power</i>). President Eisenhower in his farewell address
could rightly blame the ‘military industrial complex’ for distorting science research
and teaching, but we now have President Obama as Chief Lysenkoist of the
biggest political and intellectual fraud ever – i.e. the UN/IMF/IPCC fairy-tale
of man-made global warming (now also declared through the EPA as virtual state
religion). And there is surprise that not all of the rest of the world no longer buys that dead horse trade? New Scientist reports in its 28 March 2015
issue under the heading Secret Science (p.17) “…The Secret Science
Reform Act…would prevent the EPA [Environmental Protection Agency] from issuing
regulations of information that has not been made public – ‘secret science’…The
bill will need President Obama’s approval, though. His office said earlier this month that he
would be advised to veto it because the bill could ‘impede EPA’s reliance on
the best available science.’ “ And now another head of state – Pope Francis of
the Vatican – threatens to chime in along
similar Lysenkoist lines. Political
clout powered Nuremberg Meme Funnels in action, methinks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1.4<i>.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">
</span></i><!--[endif]-->Not to forget that other ‘social energy’ which powers lysenkoist Nuremberg Meme Funnels – money. Substantial reference to such sources has
already been mentioned in <a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2011/10/west-is-facing-new-severe-recession.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2011/10/west-is-facing-new-severe-recession.html</a>
. More recent estimates are staggering:
“The Small Business Administration estimates that compliance with such
regulations costs the U.S. economy more than <b>$1.75 trillion per year</b> — about 12%-14% of GDP, and half of the
$3.456 trillion Washington is currently spending. The <a href="http://cei.org/news-releases/tax-day-report-sounds-alarm-175-trillion-%22hidden-Tax%22-federal-regulatio" target="_blank">Competitive Enterprise Institute</a> believes the annual
cost is closer to $1.8 trillion when an estimated $55.4 billion regulatory
administration and policing budget is included. CEI further observes that those
regulation costs exceed 2008 corporate pretax profits of $1.436 trillion; tower
over estimated individual income taxes of $936 billion by 87%; and reveal a
federal government whose share of the entire economy reaches 35.5% when
combined with federal 2010 spending outlays.”
And that’s just the US – never mind the rest of the world wasting
similar amounts of money. Source: <a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/larrybell/2011/08/23/the-alarming-cost-of-climate-change-hysteria/">http://www.forbes.com/sites/larrybell/2011/08/23/the-alarming-cost-of-climate-change-hysteria/</a>
, or <a href="http://www.powerlineblog.com/archives/2014/07/on-global-warming-follow-the-money.php">http://www.powerlineblog.com/archives/2014/07/on-global-warming-follow-the-money.php</a>
or <a href="http://www.newsmax.com/Finance/MKTNews/Global-Warming-climate-change/2014/11/17/id/607827/">http://www.newsmax.com/Finance/MKTNews/Global-Warming-climate-change/2014/11/17/id/607827/</a>
<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>1.5.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">
</span></i><!--[endif]--><i>Lysenkoism, Climate Models</i> and <i>Gleichschaltung</i>
are referred to at the end of <a href="http://tinyurl.com/p9brr9e">http://tinyurl.com/p9brr9e</a> <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>2.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">
</span></i><!--[endif]-->As it happens, the same issue of the New
Scientist already mentioned [28 March 2015, p.5] shouts in its top leader under
the headline “Thank god for civilisation – The idea that religion led to
modernity is gaining strength”: <i>“About 10,000 years ago, our ancestors began
the greatest transformation in human history, abandoning the nomadic lifestyle
that had long served them well in favour of permanent villages… In recent years
this model has been challenged by archaeological discoveries. The most
important is Göbekli Tepe in Turkey: a cluster of 11,000-year-old buildings
with spectacular statues and other monumental architecture… a ‘cathedral on a
hill’, as one [archaeologist] put it. Yet the people who built them were
nomads, not farmers. So the radical suggestion now is that it was not
agriculture that drove the revolution, but religion… Now comes news that another
ancient civilisation – the Maya – may also have had spiritual roots… Some
secularists dislike the idea that spiritual needs drove the rise of
civilisation. They fret that it will reinforce or restore religion’s central
place in society. But just because spirituality may have led to civilisation,
it doesn’t follow that it should lead it now. If religion did have an early
founding role, we must acknowledge this, learn from it – and move on.”<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>2.1.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">
</span></i><!--[endif]-->‘Learning from it – and moving on’, i.e.
grandiose reviews of ‘god memes’ and their multifarious religions which
sprouted from them, is in vogue on many fronts (though with many more in need
of similar Learning). In <a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/05/brainology-101-midwives-hold-thenewborn.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/05/brainology-101-midwives-hold-thenewborn.html</a>
I already cited Sir Karl Popper’s account of god-meme ordained tribal genocide <i><span lang="EN-US">(Exodus 32:26-28)</span></i><span lang="EN-US">. A long
distant past – best forgotten? No way –
thanks to Karlheinz Deschner’s 10-volume “Kriminalgeschichte des Christentums”
[<i>The Criminal History of Christendom</i>], Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, Reinbek bei
Hamburg, 8. Auflage [eighth edition] 2013 – 1014 (incl the additional Index
volume). [in need of translation]; </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNOBtJOka_mI08vTQrUeCxX0n0KGduAb_Y0ojRGHF-RUn3M2lUJeXuM4rWiDm9iRqPdgTKGM8uto1La6kJIXQsFiAOf4OsuRwqK2fmRPiRvJUXAGCVlT2Aerz921NmWBYUDX4Tp1lPG6RU/s1600/L1000784.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNOBtJOka_mI08vTQrUeCxX0n0KGduAb_Y0ojRGHF-RUn3M2lUJeXuM4rWiDm9iRqPdgTKGM8uto1La6kJIXQsFiAOf4OsuRwqK2fmRPiRvJUXAGCVlT2Aerz921NmWBYUDX4Tp1lPG6RU/s400/L1000784.png" width="351" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></span></div>
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<i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: -21.6pt;">2.2.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">
</span></i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-indent: -21.6pt;">Deschner’s English book </span><i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: -21.6pt;">GOD AND THE
FASCISTS</i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-indent: -21.6pt;"> has already been referred to in the bibliography of the link in 2.1.
above.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>3.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">
</span></i><!--[endif]-->Some quotations from the introduction to Zen
and Zen Classics by R.H. Blyth, The Hokuseido Press, Tokyo, 1960 appear
apposite not only in relation to Buddhism but to religions generally; short
memes without comment for consideration:<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>3.1.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">
</span></i><!--[endif]--> <i>“What was, is, and always will be wrong with
Buddhism is the –ism. A system of doctrine, rules of morality, and above all
the Sangha [order of monks] itself means religious mass suicide. The great mistake of Christ was to found a
Church, if indeed he did so." </i><span style="font-size: x-small;">[he<i> </i>didn't - cf. Karlheinz Deschner: DER GEFÄLSCHTE GLAUBE (THE COUNTERFEIT FAITH), Knesebeck, Munich, 2004]</span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>3.2.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">
</span></i><!--[endif]--><i>“Asceticism,
found in every religion, is seen too often in people who were pretty bare and
empty from the beginning. The desire to be nothing is particularly common among
those who are already practically nothing.”<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>3.3.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">
</span></i><!--[endif]--><i>“Christ
and Buddha were fanatical, pettifogging, women-hating, fig-tree destroying people.”<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>3.4.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">
</span></i><!--[endif]--><i>“Zen
[or any form religion, for that matter] has not yet taught us how to be fathers
and mothers and citizens.”<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">4.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->I
have already referred to various cries for reform of Islam in the link already
referred to, be it Egyptian President Al-Sisi at Al-Azhar, or as summed up by Aayan Hirsi Ali: <i>“We
have to acknowledge that today’s Islamists are driven by a political ideology,
an ideology embedded in the foundational texts of Islam. We can no longer
pretend that it is possible to divorce actions from the ideals that inspire
them.” </i>e.g:<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">4.1.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.theeuroprobe.org/2014-075-quotes-from-the-koran/">http://www.theeuroprobe.org/2014-075-quotes-from-the-koran/</a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">4.2.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.jihadwatch.org/2006/01/fitzgerald-a-tribute-to-edward-mortimer">http://www.jihadwatch.org/2006/01/fitzgerald-a-tribute-to-edward-mortimer</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">4.3.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/uk/article4424537.ece">http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/uk/article4424537.ece</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">4.4.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/arts/books/non-fiction/article4399537.ece">http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/arts/books/non-fiction/article4399537.ece</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">4.5.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/uk/article4393148.ece">http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/uk/article4393148.ece</a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">4.6.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span>And here is Aayan Hirsi Ali’s new book: Harper Collins Publishers, New
York. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> First Edition printed in the UK, 2015<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">5.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Now
that the AGW fraud and its Lysenkoists, Gleichschaltung-machinery and finance are
in the open for all who care to look, we are – like China, India and other
countries with similar energy shortfalls – free to burn fossil fuels where economically
opportune. But Clean Air Acts and their
enforcement remain <i>conditiones sine qua
non</i>, of course, i.e. SOXs, NOXs, OBNOXs (everything else obnoxious) and
above all particulates need to be kept out of smokestacks or other discharges and made safe. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">6.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span>In regard to more CO2 reaching the atmosphere,
that can only be good to help plants to grow more vigorously or where they
otherwise wouldn’t. In essence – only
CO2 in the atmosphere fosters active regrowth not only of trees, but of all
Flora in order to produce enough oxygen on which we, and the whole of Fauna
depend. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">6.1.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->To
wit, Vaclav Smil in his <i>Energy at the
Crossroads: Global Perspecitves and Uncertainties</i> [MIT Press, 2003]
provides this comment on CO2 : </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span>“The
fundamental reason why carbon dioxide abundance in the atmosphere is critically
important to biology is that there is so little of it. A field of corn growing
in full sunlight in the middle of the day uses up all the carbon dioxide within
a meter of the ground in about five minutes. If the air were not constantly
stirred by convection currents and winds, the corn would not be able to grow.”</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">7.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->To
stay with Vaclav Smil, my often quoted TYGER reads provider, e.g. in <a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/03/tyger-tygers.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/03/tyger-tygers.html</a>
I offer two of his comments for consideration:
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">7.1.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><i>“Russia, too, is part of my Europe.
Arguments about Russia’s place in (or outside of) Europe have been going on for
centuries… I have never understood the Western reluctance or the Russian
hesitancy to place the country unequivocally in Europe… its history, music,
literature, engineering, and science make it quintessentially European.”</i> p.93
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">7.2.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><i>“Russia has another strength in its
intellectual capacity. The country has always had many highly creative scientists
and engineers, whose fundamental contributions are generally unknown to the
Western public. How many people watching a scanner toting up their groceries know
that Russian physicists, together with their US colleagues, pioneered masers
and lasers. (Nobel prices in physics were awarded to Nikolai Gennadievich Basov
and Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov in 1964 and to Zhores Ivanovich Alferov in
2000.) How many people seeing the images of the US Air Force stealth planes
know that this class of aircraft began with Piotr Iakovlevich Ufimtse’s (1962)
equations for predicting the reflections of electromagnetic waves from surfaces?” </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">8.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->About
half-way through working on this blog post I needed some light relief from
Nuremberg-Meme-Funnel-stresses. What better than reading some A C Clarke or
Isaac Asimov (whose robotics are becoming topical again, too) SciFi? As it happens I picked Arthur C Clarke’s THE
SONGS OF DISTANT EARTH [Grafton Books, London, 1987] and not read again since
buying it that year. Looking at the
back-cover blurb, the note that A C Clarke took about twenty years to write
this novel – <i>“a blend of sound scientific
speculation…”</i> choosing it for a re-read seemed a fitting diversion: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">8.1.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->And
so it turned out to be – except that far from being a diversion from Meme-Funnel immersion, I think it is probably the best overview of the importance of
meme cleansing – and first published in 1986 (nigh on thirty years ago) – and then
after a twenty-year gestation period! WOW!
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">8.2.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Some quotes from this 230-page book may suffice to entice you to get hold of
this gem:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>8.2.1.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;"> </span></i><!--[endif]--> <i>“ ‘I
think that’s the way we run Thalassa…’ ‘But you have been lucky; you’ve had no
real crisis for seven hundred years! Didn’t one of your own people once say –
Thalassa has no history, only statistics?’ ‘Oh, that’s not true! What about
Mount Krakan?’ ‘That was a natural disaster – and hardly a major one. I’m
referring to, ah, political crises: civil unrest, that sort of thing.’ ‘We can thank Earth for that. You gave us a
Jefferson Mark 3 Constitution – someone once called it utopia in two megabytes –
and it worked amazingly well. The program hasn’t been modified for three hundred
years. We’re still only on the Sixth Amendment.’ ‘And long may it stay there...
[Kaldor, a visitor to Thalassa said fervently]… ‘I should hate to think we were
responsible for a Seventh’ “. p.71<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>8.2.2.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;"> </span></i><!--[endif]--><i>“Moses Kaldor was happy to be left alone,
for as many hours or days as he could be spared, in the cathedral calm of First
Landing. He felt like a young student again, confronted with all the art and
knowledge of mankind… And yet all this wealth of wisdom and culture was only a
tiny fraction of mankind’s heritage; much that Moses Kaldor knew and loved was
missing – not, he was well aware, by accident but by deliberate design. A
thousand years ago, men of genius and goodwill had rewritten history and gone
through the libraries of Earth deciding what should be saved and what should be
abandoned to the flames… Only if it would contribute to survival and social
stability on the new worlds would any work of literature, and record of the past,
be loaded into the memory of the seedships…. They could not be allowed to
reinfect virgin planets with the ancient poisons of religious hatred, belief in
the supernatural, and the pious gibberish with which countless billions of men
and women had once comforted themselves at the cost of addling their minds.” p.107f<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>8.2.3.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;"> </span></i><!--[endif]--><i>“ ‘…and we have something to give you.’ ‘What,
may I ask?’ ‘From us, if you will accept
it, the final centuries of human art and science. But I should warn you –
consider what such a gift may do to your own culture. It might not be wise to
accept everything we can offer.’ “ p.46<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>8.2.4.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;"> </span></i><!--[endif]--><i>“Alpha [the personal god] was inextricably entangled
with religion – and that was its downfall. It might still have been around up
to the destruction of the Earth if the myriads of competing religions had left
each other alone. But they couldn’t do
that, because each claimed to possess the One and Only Truth. So they had to
destroy their rivals – which means, in effect, not only every other religion
but dissenters inside their own faith… Fortunately for mankind, Alpha faded out
of the picture, more or less gracefully, in the early 2000s. It was killed by a
fascinating development called statistical theology… as had long been suspected,
the universe simply obeyed the laws of mathematical probability. Certainly there was no sign of any
supernatural intervention, either for good or for ill. So the problem of Evil
never really existed. To expect the universe to be benevolent was like
imagining one could <u>always</u> win at a game of pure chance….” p.187f<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>8.2.5.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;"> </span></i><!--[endif]--><i>“Yet a few old faiths managed to survive,
though in drastically altered forms, right up to the end of the Earth. The
Latter Day Mormons and the Daughters of the Prophet even managed to build
seedships of their own. I often wonder what happened to them…” p.191<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>9.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">
</span></i><!--[endif]-->Why bother?
I chose <a href="http://tinyurl.com/q8wqosa">http://tinyurl.com/q8wqosa</a>
– the Sisyphean reality of Life.</span><i><o:p></o:p></i><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>POSTSCRIPT on 07 MAR 2016: </b></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">For a summary of reasons why Islam, though not the only one amongst all those credo-isms, needs a Reformation, try </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <a href="http://www.theeuroprobe.org/2014-075-quotes-from-the-koran/" style="text-indent: -18pt;">http://www.theeuroprobe.org/2014-075-quotes-from-the-koran/</a> </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 107%; text-indent: -18pt;"> <a href="http://gatesofvienna.blogspot.co.uk/2010/10/oskar-freysinger-is-islam-threat.html" style="line-height: 107%; text-indent: -18pt;">http://gatesofvienna.blogspot.co.uk/2010/10/oskar-freysinger-is-islam-threat.html</a> </span><br />
<span style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span>
<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Religious freedom is, of course, a human right, and top of the list of inalienable freedoms stands the right to freedom from any religion.</span></span><br />
<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
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<br />
<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>POSTSCRIPT on 10 AUG 2016: </b></span><br />
<b style="font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> </b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Bruce Bueno de Mesquita describes the relationship between memes and rationality in his<i> Predictioneer </i></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><i> </i></span><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2016/05/lacuna-dive.html" style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-indent: -18pt;">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2016/05/lacuna-dive.html</a><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> in these words:</span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">“Another
way that people talk about rationality that has nothing to do with what ‘</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">rational choice theorists</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">’ have in mind
is to discuss whether what someone wants is rational or not. Distasteful as the
fact may be, people with crazy ideas can be perfectly rational. Rationality is
about choosing actions that are consistent with advancing personal interests,
whatever those interests may be.</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It has
nothing to do with whether you or I think what someone wants is a good idea,
shows good taste or judgement, or even makes sense to want.</span></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I certainly
think what Adolf Hitler said he wanted and what he did to advance his heinous
goals were evil, but I am reluctant to let him off the hook with an insanity
plea by saying he was not rational. His actions were rational given his evil aims,
and therefore it was perfectly right and proper to hold him and his henchmen
accountable.</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The same
holds for modern-day terrorists. They’re not nuts. They are desperate,
calculating, disgruntled people who are looking for ways to force others to pay
attention to their real or perceived woes. Dismissing them as irrational misses
the point and leads us to make wrongheaded choices about how to handle their
threat. We do ourselves no service by labelling people as insane or irrational
simply because we can’t understand their goals. Our attention is better fixed
on what they do, since we probably can change or impede their actions even when
we can’t alter what they want.”</span></i></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-70198632549151428312015-02-05T07:07:00.000+00:002015-12-04T15:32:22.588+00:00GLOBAL WARMING UN-FUNNELLED<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Global Warming Un-Funnelled…</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">…from the famous <i>Nuremberg
Meme Funnel </i>to produce instant geniuses or devotees:</span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "old english text mt"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "old english text mt"; font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "old english text mt";">Magister
AlGorus Medicus Nent</span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSK76JG59Vzyqdr0xtC1MqVOR1ZsuUR4rTI2Im_s8ZGLPWm1W6v56TMhyphenhyphenPvEtqa8zqoVzLRU5jUMNOTeRVIoBWauFbzVFuIUWWqlCOwrnoQRgLSylrNYbYgi6KE9gCKvp-aAQPoreeGH07/s1600/NBG+FUNNEL.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSK76JG59Vzyqdr0xtC1MqVOR1ZsuUR4rTI2Im_s8ZGLPWm1W6v56TMhyphenhyphenPvEtqa8zqoVzLRU5jUMNOTeRVIoBWauFbzVFuIUWWqlCOwrnoQRgLSylrNYbYgi6KE9gCKvp-aAQPoreeGH07/s1600/NBG+FUNNEL.jpg" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "old english text mt"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The whole plan to reduce carbon emissions stems from the UN/IMF/IPCC fairy-tale of man-made global warming (through
carbon dioxide emissions = anthropogenic global warming, AGW for short) which
is altering the Earth’s climate, no less, to near extinction if all that hype
were true. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">That man-made fairy-tale, however, is nothing but
the biggest political and intellectual fraud ever.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In arriving at this opinion, I rely on two
sources: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">on what I have seen with my
own eyes, <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">on what I have read .<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Since this post should not itself become a long
extended read, I refer with links to some of my earlier blogs giving relevant
details on the points raised.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i><u>What I saw with my own eyes</u></i> -- and what triggered me to
look further at ‘global warming’ (of which I was just as convinced and
abhorred by as anyone else at the time, not only through the media, but
also through being forced by law of the Building Regulations to measure
and judge the energy performance of the buildings I designed in kg<sub>CO2
</sub>instead of kWh) was during a visit to the Austrian Alps in 2007 and
seeing evidence of kilometres high recent retreats of two glaziers up
their respective valleys. Eureka I thought: this I can see confirms
‘global warming’!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Yes – but…. Full
story and consequences at: <a href="http://tinyurl.com/pddpshy">http://tinyurl.com/pddpshy</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i><u>What I read</u></i> – here just a few instances
referred to on my blogsite:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>“To leave no doubt, in an
interview published in the Neue Zürcher Zeitung on 14 November 2010,
Ottmar Edenhofer, co-chair of IPCC Working Group III, said “The
climate summit in Cancun at the end of the month is not a climate
conference, but one of the largest economic conferences since the Second
World War…. one must say clearly that de facto we redistribute the
world's wealth by climate policy…. One has to rid oneself of
the illusion that international climate politics have anything to do with
environmental concerns.” </i> Full story at: <a href="http://tinyurl.com/q4rtmvf">http://tinyurl.com/q4rtmvf</a> <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>“On this day, and the next
day, and every day, a scarcely conceivable 4000 trillion kilowatt hours
of energy reached the top of the earth’s atmosphere as sunshine…
And over the course of the day, that energy served to turn hundreds of
millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide into food and living tissue. And as
a result the world stayed alive. That’s what really happened today.”</i> Results of measuring
global warming thus is at: <a href="http://tinyurl.com/ot2hlp4">http://tinyurl.com/ot2hlp4</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>“Global warming did serve a
couple of useful purposes. The issue has been a litmus test for our
political class. Any politician who has stated a belief in global warming
is either a cynical opportunist or an easily deluded fool. In neither
case should that politician ever be taken seriously again. No excuses can
be accepted.” </i> Source
at: <a href="http://tinyurl.com/ptgrz34">http://tinyurl.com/ptgrz34</a> <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>“First and foremost, what
you are about to read in this book regarding climate change is
unvarnished, with no punches pulled…. This book will, however, be what
every American and citizen of the world needs to know most about our
climate. It will be something you have not been allowed to hear for
almost twenty years. It will be – the truth.” </i> <a href="http://tinyurl.com/p6ra4f3">http://tinyurl.com/p6ra4f3</a> <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">QED<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #1f497d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PS: more on the Nuremberg Meme Funnel
at <a href="http://tinyurl.com/pdy7eka">http://tinyurl.com/pdy7eka</a></span> <span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #1f497d;"> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">and not to be missed is <a href="http://tinyurl.com/orwzfjj">http://tinyurl.com/orwzfjj</a> : tolle,
lege!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Also of interest could be:<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The incomparable <b>Richard Buckminster Fuller </b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/tyger-tyger-after-whiplashing-me-into.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/tyger-tyger-after-whiplashing-me-into.html</a> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">and</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/10/buckminster-fuller-more-relevant-than.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/10/buckminster-fuller-more-relevant-than.html</a></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>LYSENKOISM + CLIMATE MODELS</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2013/01/snippets-questions-2-climate-models.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2013/01/snippets-questions-2-climate-models.html</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>GLEICHSCHALTUNG</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2013/08/gleichschaltung-as-i-mentioned-thisword.html" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2013/08/gleichschaltung-as-i-mentioned-thisword.html</a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">and</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; text-align: center;">
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: 16.5454540252686px; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 16.5454540252686px;">THE FOUR LAWS </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 16.5454540252686px; text-align: center;">WITHOUT WHICH NOTHING WHATSOEVER </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 16.5454540252686px; text-align: center;">THROUGHOUT THE UNIVERSE THAT HAPPENS, </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 16.5454540252686px; text-align: center;">HAPPENS.</span></b></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/07/thefour-laws-withoutwhich-nothing.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/07/thefour-laws-withoutwhich-nothing.html</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">with</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/06/eating-sun-fourth-estatelondon-2009.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/06/eating-sun-fourth-estatelondon-2009.html</a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-80450394460493316182014-12-02T00:15:00.000+00:002015-08-05T11:25:54.410+01:00GOOGLY REALITY CHECK?<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">REALITY CHECK of REALITY CHECKS?</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FAFBFC; line-height: 18.75pt;">
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Monday, Dec 01 2014<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghiK0qJRFvG3oGDFP-CJ3P_-EWzecDvieKOpRQ7Q3oajHyJ6QIlsxAMNA-V_A_-ldTsILoKA1QunF00Iv-0anYC7q3SRoC5fE8muUD_hkypEC9I18SNmbz0Mds7BfnUWyqczcwiGPDwrWZ/s1600/Ashampoo_Snap_2014.12.02_00h00m19s_001_.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="76" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghiK0qJRFvG3oGDFP-CJ3P_-EWzecDvieKOpRQ7Q3oajHyJ6QIlsxAMNA-V_A_-ldTsILoKA1QunF00Iv-0anYC7q3SRoC5fE8muUD_hkypEC9I18SNmbz0Mds7BfnUWyqczcwiGPDwrWZ/s1600/Ashampoo_Snap_2014.12.02_00h00m19s_001_.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FAFBFC; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt;">
<br />
<b style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 14.65pt;"><span style="color: #333435; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 22.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><a href="http://www.principia-scientific.org/renewable-energy-simply-won-t-work-top-google-engineers.html"><span style="color: #333435;">RENEWABLE ENERGY 'SIMPLY WON'T WORK': TOP GOOGLE
ENGINEERS</span></a></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FAFBFC; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.25pt;">
<span style="color: #858586;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Written by Lewis
Page, The Register on 28 Nov 2014<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FAFBFC; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #595959;">Two highly qualified Google engineers who have spent years studying and
trying to improve renewable energy technology have <span style="font-size: large;"><i><u>stated quite bluntly that
renewables will never permit the human race to cut CO</u></i></span></span><i><span style="color: #969696; font-size: large;"><u>2</u></span></i><span style="color: #595959;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><u> emissions to
the levels demanded by climate activists</u>.</i></span> Whatever the future
holds, it is not a renewables-powered civilisation: such a thing is impossible
(full article <a href="http://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/renewables/what-it-would-really-take-to-reverse-climate-change"><span style="color: #333435;">here</span></a>).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FAFBFC; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #595959;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Both men are Stanford PhDs, Ross
Koningstein having trained in aerospace engineering and David Fork in applied
physics. <span style="font-size: large;"><u><i>These aren't guys who fiddle about with websites or data analytics or
"technology" of that sort: they are real engineers who understand difficult
maths and physics, and top-bracket even among that distinguished company.</i> </u></span>The
duo were employed at Google on the RE<c cheaply="" coal.="" could="" energy="" enhance="" it="" more="" o:p="" point="" produce="" project="" renewable="" sought="" technology="" than="" the="" to="" where="" which=""></c></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FAFBFC; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #595959;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">RE<c a="" and="" failure="" google="" href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/11/23/google_ditches_rec_project/" nbsp="" target="_blank" was=""><span style="color: #333435;">closed it down</span></c></span></span></div>
after
four years. Now, Koningstein and Fork have explained the conclusions they came
to after a lengthy period of applying their considerable technological
expertise to renewables, in an <a href="http://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/renewables/what-it-would-really-take-to-reverse-climate-change" target="_blank"><span style="color: #333435;">article</span></a> posted
at <i>IEEE Spectrum</i>.<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FAFBFC; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #595959;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The two men write:</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FAFBFC; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt;">
<i><span style="color: #595959; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><b>At the start of RE<c ...="" a="" attitude="" be="" catastrophic="" change.="" climate="" could="" energy="" environmentalists:="" false="" felt="" had="" hope="" improvements="" know="" many="" now="" o:p="" of="" off="" our="" renewable="" s="" shared="" society="" stalwart="" stave="" steady="" technologies="" that="" the="" to="" today="" we="" with=""></c></b></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FAFBFC; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt;">
<i><span style="color: #595959; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><b>Renewable energy technologies simply won’t work; we need a fundamentally
different approach</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FAFBFC; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #595959;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">One should note that RE<c also="" and="" as="" believers="" clause="" conventional="" didn="" etc.="" extensively="" for="" forth.="" geothermal="" get-out="" here.="" hydro="" ideas="" into="" it="" itself="" like="" looked="" more="" no="" notions="" o:p="" on="" pv="" radical="" renewable="" renewables="" restrict="" s="" self-assembling="" so="" solar-thermal="" solar="" such="" t="" there="" tidal="" to="" towers="" wind="" windfarms=""></c></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FAFBFC; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #595959;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Koningstein and Fork aren't alone.
Whenever somebody with a decent grasp of maths and physics looks into the idea
of a fully renewables-powered civilised future for the human race with a
reasonably open mind, they normally come to the conclusion that it simply isn't
feasible. Merely generating the relatively small proportion of our energy that
we consume today in the form of electricity is already an insuperably difficult
task for renewables: generating huge amounts more on top to carry out the tasks
we do today using fossil-fuelled heat isn't even vaguely plausible.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FAFBFC; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #595959;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Even if one were to electrify all of
transport, industry, heating and so on, so much renewable generation and
balancing/storage equipment would be needed to power it that astronomical new
requirements for steel, concrete, copper, glass, carbon fibre, neodymium,
shipping and haulage etc etc would appear. All these things are made using
mammoth amounts of energy: far from achieving massive energy savings, which
most plans for a renewables future rely on implicitly, we would wind up needing
far <i>more</i> energy, which would mean even <i>more</i> vast
renewables farms - and even more materials and energy to make and maintain them
and so on. The scale of the building would be like nothing ever attempted by
the human race.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FAFBFC; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #595959;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In reality, well before any such
stage was reached, energy would become horrifyingly expensive - which means
that <i>everything</i> would become horrifyingly expensive (even the
present well-under-one-per-cent renewables level in the UK has pushed up
utility bills <a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/03/28/decc_energy_costs_comedy/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #333435;">very considerably</span></a>). This
in turn means that everyone would become miserably poor and economic growth
would cease (the more honest hardline greens <a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/08/01/uk_must_abandon_growth_to_cut_co2/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #333435;">admit this openly</span></a>).
That, however, means that such expensive luxuries as welfare states and
pensioners, proper healthcare (watch out for that pandemic), reasonable public
services, affordable manufactured goods and transport, decent personal hygiene,
space programmes (watch out for the meteor!) etc etc would all have to go -
none of those things are sustainable without economic growth.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FAFBFC; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #595959;">So nobody's up for that. And yet,
stalwart environmentalists like Koningstein and Fork - and many others - remain
convinced that the dangers of carbon-driven warming are real and massive.
Indeed the pair reference the famous NASA boffin Dr James Hansen, who is more
or less the daddy of modern global warming fears, and say like him that we must
move rapidly not just to lessened but to zero carbon emissions (and on top of
that, suck a whole lot of CO</span><i><span style="color: #969696;">2</span></i><span style="color: #595959;"> out of the air by such means as
planting forests).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FAFBFC; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #595959;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">So, how is this to be done?</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FAFBFC; line-height: 14.65pt; margin-top: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Read more at <span style="color: #333435;"><a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/11/21/renewable_energy_simply_wont_work_google_renewables_engineers/">www.theregister.co.uk</a></span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin-top: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
oooooo00000oooooo</div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Source:</span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://www.principia-scientific.org/renewable-energy-simply-won-t-work-top-google-engineers.html </span></div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-87438894791442015782014-11-15T16:53:00.000+00:002015-08-05T11:26:23.689+01:00TYGER TYGER IN THE SUN<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">TYGER TYGER IN THE SUN</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">no longer in the night need hide:</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf7AsL8rz0HMdpM6e3zoekWPI9VRL1_G6FC5AVqm3wqiMPTzo7tISFGQrEm7DrNj-VHOviVYjC6O_HjUynG0USU0KEma1sFer9afwkf_-RUU0vrSPortr6RadxtJOIAYVwTkx77UzgvmFV/s1600/TYGER+%231.png" imageanchor="1" style="display: inline !important; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf7AsL8rz0HMdpM6e3zoekWPI9VRL1_G6FC5AVqm3wqiMPTzo7tISFGQrEm7DrNj-VHOviVYjC6O_HjUynG0USU0KEma1sFer9afwkf_-RUU0vrSPortr6RadxtJOIAYVwTkx77UzgvmFV/s1600/TYGER+%231.png" width="116" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 12.4pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 12.4pt;">“Climate models –
there aren’t any”, I lamented in </span><a href="http://tinyurl.com/n7kvbff" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 12.4pt;">http://tinyurl.com/n7kvbff</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 12.4pt;">
, asking “</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 12.4pt;">Where are the Real-Climate-Modellers? Certainly not here: <a href="http://tinyurl.com/q4rtmvf">http://tinyurl.com/q4rtmvf</a> “. </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 12.4pt;">But then, I
read this:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgth5xN6HCdGC7I8EEhgjaASK5AWTGXeykLLnt26LgiqCeyaL8AqXxNtksuG8qFTG2YfnM6ksrosreV4ZALXN3cUdbjUt2E2xEdr21jGB-wiXziH67FMg3RwtEH6C7j0-mT5QQ4NbBsN8Sx/s1600/COLD+SUN.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgth5xN6HCdGC7I8EEhgjaASK5AWTGXeykLLnt26LgiqCeyaL8AqXxNtksuG8qFTG2YfnM6ksrosreV4ZALXN3cUdbjUt2E2xEdr21jGB-wiXziH67FMg3RwtEH6C7j0-mT5QQ4NbBsN8Sx/s1600/COLD+SUN.png" width="268" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Trafford Publishing <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">© 2011 SPACE AND SCIENCE RESEARCH CORPORATION<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Printed by Amazon.co.uk Ltd, Marston Gate, UK [no date given]</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.4pt; margin-bottom: 8.0pt;">
<span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> I let the
back cover speak for itself:<span style="font-size: 9.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM6iTmrTpAa6eqFrEND8WZV8YtBh52Ovt2HH8vTLgFzQ8LO7vf4YsYYO9B4wVSLlFFme8crpAtKLnHD0wAswaDgFw0Gsfdrfkz-o8ZbJ0RRwYf2vD3NxWoayvEPUG3deucLG6kiJTGzyBc/s1600/COLD+SUN+%232.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM6iTmrTpAa6eqFrEND8WZV8YtBh52Ovt2HH8vTLgFzQ8LO7vf4YsYYO9B4wVSLlFFme8crpAtKLnHD0wAswaDgFw0Gsfdrfkz-o8ZbJ0RRwYf2vD3NxWoayvEPUG3deucLG6kiJTGzyBc/s1600/COLD+SUN+%232.png" width="305" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.4pt; margin-bottom: 8.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">To quote the author with a few excerpts:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">“First and foremost, what you are about to read in this book
regarding climate change is unvarnished, with no punches pulled…. This book
will, however, be what every American and citizen of the world needs to know
most about our climate. It will be something you have not been allowed to hear
for almost twenty years. It will be –
the truth.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">“Within a few weeks after this most important Bi-Centennial
Cycle discovery, I had formulated the Theory of Relational Cycles of Solar
Activity, or the RC theory, to account for its effects and those of other
similar cycles. Here then is that theory and its seven main elements that came
from my independent research. It is my fondest hope that with the growing
support the theory is receiving from top researchers and scientists from around
the world, the next global climate change, which will be a return to a deep and
prolonged cold period, will nonetheless be met by a people well prepared to
endure it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">The Theory of
Relational Cycles of Solar Activity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">(The RC Theory)</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There exists a family of solar activity cycles that has a
profound and direct influence on Earth’s climate.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">These cycles are called “relational cycles,” since their effects
can be experienced or related to during one or two human lifetimes.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There is a “Centennial Cycle” of ninety to one hundred years’
duration, which manifests itself with solar activity minimums and associated
low temperatures, with episodes lasting a few years to one to two decades.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There is a “Bi-Centennial Cycle” of about 206 years that is
the most powerful of the relational cycles and has significant effects on the climate
of the Earth, lasting several decades and resulting in the most extreme variations
in solar activity and in Earth’s temperatures.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">These cycles are correlated strongly to all past major temperature
lows.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There is remarkable regularity within and hence
predictability from these oscillations, such that the theory may be a powerful
tool in forecasting major temperature and climate cycles on Earth, many decades
in advance.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There may be other relational cycles of shorter duration
accounting for lesser solar and climate events, which may be revealed in
subsequent research.”</span></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<ol>
</ol>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ooo000ooo</span></div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A <span style="color: #333333;">Real-Climate-Modeller at last!<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.spaceandscience.net/index.html </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>ADDENDUM</b> <span style="font-size: xx-small;">17 NOV 2014 10:29 GMT</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A BBC NEWS video has been published with comment on Robert Felix's web site:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span><a href="http://iceagenow.info/2014/11/video-sun-sleep/" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">http://iceagenow.info/2014/11/video-sun-sleep/</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">and a second link to the video only </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DueVWamHmYs#t=52">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DueVWamHmYs#t=52</a></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-89007063048302450152014-10-02T17:23:00.001+01:002015-08-05T11:26:50.313+01:00TYGER FOUND<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">TYGER FOUND</span><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Broadway; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Whereas…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.
<!--[endif]-->I only know what I read, hoping to find answers
to doubts and questions arising – all to do with my chosen subject of <i>Energy </i>and<i> Sustainability</i>, and in particular with <i>Clean Energy. </i>Much as to account to myself what I found and learnt
from my enquiries, as well as to enlist helpful corrections from comments, I
created a blogsite five years ago, reaching my fiftieth posting. From preceding reading and searches I decided
to define my idea of what constitutes C<i>lean
Energy</i>, in the broadest sense.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2.
<!--[endif]-->This definition is at the head of all my blog
entries, better readable in my Blog Log at <a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/08/blog-post.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/08/blog-post.html</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> In the following, all references to blog
entries are shown as #n, where n is the numbered blog entry as listed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.
<!--[endif]-->Not long ago, I was asked to explain <i>Why</i> I do <i>What</i> I do – now at #39.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4.
<!--[endif]-->Beginning to switch from <i>Architect </i>to<i> Pundit
</i>(for want of a better word in contra-distinction to ‘expert’ or
‘consultant, which I don’t claim to be), I was as much in awe of the impending
man-made-global-warming-disaster as anyone else, not least when the seriousness
of this impending doom was brought home especially to architects by the change
in Building Regulations demanding to account for energy use in buildings no
longer in kWh but in kg of CO<sub>2 </sub>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5.
<!--[endif]-->Special reinforcement of this necessary change –
and possible solution, was given by Hermann Scheer’s lecture at the Royal
Institute of Architects (RIBA) in April 2008, cf #6. followed in July that year by personally enlisting in a 4-day residential course
at the Salzburg Global Seminar, titled <i>Combating
Climate Change at Local and Regional Level:
Sustainable Strategies, Renewable Energy. </i> As an erstwhile alumnus from 1958 (when the
same institution was still 'Salzburg Seminar in American Studies'), I had attended with my wife the Seminar’s six-day Summer Festival in 2007, celebrating the 60<sup>th</sup>
anniversary of the Seminar’s foundation. And there, on an excursion to the <i>Grossglockner </i> in the Austrian Alps I saw something we weren’t
shown at the ‘climate change’ seminar, cf. #2 , second picture
onwards. It took me some time to become aware of the significance of that visit, i.e. visual evidence that melting glaciers prove that CO<sub>2</sub> cannot
possibly be a main driver of any global warming; and evidence of widespread
media Gleichschaltung on that subject to this day. cf. #2, #27, #29, #45.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">6.
<!--[endif]-->All my blog entries, not least #1, are tentative
explorative essays in trying to find FACTS [as in <i>“Truth is a purely human construct, but facts are eternal”</i>, <i>Alexius Meinong</i>] behind various energy,
sustainability and related assertions. Because one aspect soon became
evident: you cannot have ‘Clean Energy’
without <i>honesty</i>, <i>clean science</i> and <i>clean
politics</i> (and clean money). cf.#7 #39<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>7.<span style="font-style: normal;"> </span></i><!--[endif]-->Let
me end these Preambles with my summary view of all posts (still all work in
progress) but especially of #12, #41 and
#45: the UN/IPCC/EU/IMF concocted AGW
(Anthropogenic Global Warming) fabrication appears to be the biggest political
and intellectual fraud ever. As in <i>“Global
warming did serve a couple of useful purposes. The issue has been a litmus test
for our political class. Any politician who has stated a belief in global
warming is either a cynical opportunist or an easily deluded fool. In neither
case should that politician ever be taken seriously again. No excuses can be
accepted.” #45<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">8.
<!--[endif]-->Does that mean we should forget about pollution
and carry on regardless? No, for we can all agree that pollution is not a ‘good
thing’ – we all could not miss seeing it
from pictures of those dirt laden grey and black smokestacks and smog laden
Chinese and other cities (and I well remember the heavy London smogs in the
early 60s when even the London Underground platforms had close to nil
visibility, apart from deaths from breathing that stuff). Only
one thing is sure in these circumstances:
what you can see, is with 100% certainty not CO<sub>2</sub> , which is
invisible. What is visible is <i>pollution </i>consisting
of NOX, SOX and OBNOX (nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, particulates and
anything else obnox-ious) all of which are the province of Clean-Air-Acts (as
so blatantly in London) and have nothing to do with global climate – they are
simply the ‘dirt in the linen’ that has to be ‘washed out from’, or never put into
these smokestacks of sorts, in the first place.
CO<sub>2</sub> per se appears far too trivial to consider as Global
Climate driver #41.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">9.
<!--[endif]-->Since starting the TYGER series of my readings
at #30, and ending with my recapping of <i>The
Bottomless Well </i> #50, I am now convinced that this is the actual TYGER
now found following its ‘Spoors’ #42
into the ‘Lair’ #43 and now found. –
alive and well, more relevant than ever, and best guideline for future conduct and comparative assessment of things energetic. </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">cf #50</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/09/eroei-or-iou-e-nergy-r-eturned-o-ver-e.html" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/09/eroei-or-iou-e-nergy-r-eturned-o-ver-e.html</span></i></a></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDD59A18uuMZSJYyBI2k7H4q1dzJL5wXXxHotdp7QCTiOtFyO8TBoS2NJbJ6741NVwvvbTimjRq2lEfDUmbZrmpAI-x6R2nymNjfBWGVdvID7FQSNfy6atZC6hLfYHkpCV4iLHApMeLsfw/s1600/1000-Huber+&+Mills.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDD59A18uuMZSJYyBI2k7H4q1dzJL5wXXxHotdp7QCTiOtFyO8TBoS2NJbJ6741NVwvvbTimjRq2lEfDUmbZrmpAI-x6R2nymNjfBWGVdvID7FQSNfy6atZC6hLfYHkpCV4iLHApMeLsfw/s1600/1000-Huber+&+Mills.jpg" width="266" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">PS collections of further reads are, courtesy of Twitter and Facebook, at</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/CLEANENERGYBUFF"><span style="color: blue;">https://twitter.com/CLEANENERGYBUFF</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Facebook: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/mike.hohmann7"><span style="color: blue;">https://www.facebook.com/mike.hohmann7</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Also of interest could be:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">on<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">LYSENKOISM + CLIMATE MODELS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2013/01/snippets-questions-2-climate-models.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2013/01/snippets-questions-2-climate-models.html</a>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2013/08/gleichschaltung-as-i-mentioned-thisword.html"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2013/08/gleichschaltung-as-i-mentioned-thisword.html</span></a>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-28469550181088179172014-09-28T16:47:00.003+01:002016-07-09T08:04:47.243+01:00EROEI or IOU ?<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 45.35pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "bauhaus 93"; font-size: 20.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">EROEI or IOU
?</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>E</b>nergy <b>R</b>eturned <b>O</b>ver <b>E</b>nergy <b>I</b>nvested – a concept introduced
in a paper by Dr John Morgan, which I found in <i>Principia Scientific</i> under the heading <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">The Catch-22 of Energy Storage.</span> I was sure that it would not
only make me sit up and consider its possible implication for all matters of
energy provision, and republished it as Reality Check #6 on my blogsite.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/09/reality-check-6-saturday-13-september.html"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/09/reality-check-6-saturday-13-september.html</span></a><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This made me reach for what I still think is one of the most
important books on energy:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrbRtL6ItvfwmcNCCjXl1p8df2ahHGr0xz3MWibsUdMmT2-6kqW7WGk4A2Ta1QxpzXz-IxnWzZ26IImeAEvDgi_G1QP8Yzx0M_iKEV4CBwk6ruzDbm-xL4WgrH-7jgMDajRRr-WFXbLfDR/s1600/1000-Huber+&+Mills.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrbRtL6ItvfwmcNCCjXl1p8df2ahHGr0xz3MWibsUdMmT2-6kqW7WGk4A2Ta1QxpzXz-IxnWzZ26IImeAEvDgi_G1QP8Yzx0M_iKEV4CBwk6ruzDbm-xL4WgrH-7jgMDajRRr-WFXbLfDR/s1600/1000-Huber+&+Mills.jpg" width="213" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; text-indent: 0cm;">Basic Books, New York, 2005</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Having now recapped
on Huber & Mills, together with some further looks at what is available
online about EROEI, I could not help thinking that there ought to be a better
way to come to understand this concept – like knowing that ‘<i>a picture is worth a thousand words’</i> rather
than words alone. So here goes with some
thoughts in that direction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">EROEI expressed as a formula would look like this: ER / EI = U, where U denotes a measure of Usefulness
(for humans). We can leave out the E, because shown thus it really applies not
only to all human activities, but also to all events in the universe, come to
think of it, leaving us with R/I=U. Simplifying further in simple IN and OUT
concepts, we are left with O/I=U when following the EROEI acronym sequence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">But that irks me, because <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">a)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->on a timeline, Input must always precede Output. Time Fact.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">b)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->When then written I/O=U, we become immediately
aware that the Input ‘I’ must always, and without exception, exceed the Output ‘O’
in order to achieve any Usefulness ‘U’. Thermodynamic Fact. In other words, the
investment ‘I’ is always borrowed, resulting in an IOU to the environment – but
will show as such only when we set the input boundary at this ‘Mother Nature’
level. [For practical purposes see the further discussion of <i>FOWI</i> and <i>Output Tentacle</i> A when I come to <i>Octopus Diagrams</i>]. Therefore, the description for the formula for
calculating should always be known as I/O=IOU, and shown and used as <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">IOU=I/O<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">c)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->The formula IOU=I/O also provides not only a
familiar acronym for this method of calculating ‘usefulness to humans’ as in ‘<i>IOU</i>’ [I owe you], but also provides an
instant reminder that whatever energy we use, we also owe it to the environment
which provides it for us – however closely or widely one chooses or is forced
to consider the term ‘environment’. We can only transform whatever we find, and
live with the inevitable entropy losses when extracting and converting energy
sources for usefulness. No human, however <i>sapiens</i>,
has yet ‘created’ any energy <i>ab initio,</i>
or is ever likely to. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-indent: 0cm;"><u>By Order of the Universe [1]</u>,
as in </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: right; text-indent: 0cm;">Thomas Payne: <i>THE AGE OF REASON </i></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“The Creation speaketh an universal language,
independently of human speech or human language, multiplied and various as they
may be. It is an ever-existing original, which every man can read. It cannot be
forged; it cannot be counterfeited; it cannot be lost; it cannot be altered; it
cannot be suppressed. It does not depend upon the will of man whether it shall
be published or not; it publishes itself from one end of the earth to the
other.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Staying with energy matters, we need to use measurements and
dimensions for them. For purposes of measuring energy (and work and heat) the
SI unit is the joule (which in turn is short for Nm). I prefer here to use <b>kWh</b> because everyone is
used to these from their energy bills – and multiplied by the cost charged for
their kWh on everyone’s respective utility bill in any location and situation, gives an
instant feel for the amount of energy under discussion and their incurred
costs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So, from dimensional consistency requirements, we measure
IOU as I/O=IOU <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">or kWh/kWh=kWh. So
the value IOU always has a dimension which should be stated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">But kWh <b>ǂ</b>
kWh, they come in vastly different forms and qualities; for example, a barrel
of oil delivered to your door may well contain about 1650 kWh in thermal
energy, but you can’t run your television with it. Unless the QUALITY of <i>U</i> is
known, described or even specified for its actual or intended use, the whole
concept of IOU, or EROEI for that matter, or indeed any other discussion about
uses of energy, is just about meaningless.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So, what does IOU actually mean when calculated as in I/O=IOU?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>·</b><span style="font-size: 7pt;"><b> </b>
</span><!--[endif]-->It is a measure of the INPUT COST for one unit
of useful benefit when both are measured in energy terms.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>·</b><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->the kind of, and the dimension always needs to be
quoted, both for input as well as for output.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">o<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->In the laser example shown below, the usefulness
IOU is the<i> cost of energy input</i> when converted
from oil (ex well head, say) in terms of kWh (thermal) to achieve a single unit
in terms of kWh (power) in the form of laser photons. In the example
illustrated, the IOU cost is IOU=I/O=330 kWh<sub>th</sub>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sub>o<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></sub><!--[endif]-->For the same amount of usefulness provided
by 1 kWh<sub>p </sub>converted from the direct output of electrons ex solar PV
panels on the roof would certainly be different for an IOU= ? kWh<sub>p</sub>. <sub><o:p></o:p></sub></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Unit dimensions,
kind and descriptions for all three terms in the formula IOU=I/O always need to
be stated or remain useless. Back to
your utility’s energy bill: both gas and
electricity consumptions are measured in kWh, but you certainly would not like
your gas kWh<sub>th</sub> to be charged at the same rate as your electricity
kWh<sub>p</sub>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">For a hunter-gatherer, Usefulness would mean finding enough
berries, vegetables, and killing enough deer or other animals to feed himself, plus
fending for family, shelter, clothing, firewood, provided from the quality of
flora and fauna, and area of roaming range etc. Here is the energy pyramid for
this situation: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH20WTM3xT3h8QfFcVp9QsqsTxnipxyOn3WjSKu1qNByxSBQ2sg5NvWtk9JpJt9PicHOKlrxVh48MEAEjgVx6dMcxkJPOSCkHujCmHdTU-Pva-6yUW_duch1vEWqlFByqXZNEzLC0qDOH3/s1600/LIFE+&+FOOD.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH20WTM3xT3h8QfFcVp9QsqsTxnipxyOn3WjSKu1qNByxSBQ2sg5NvWtk9JpJt9PicHOKlrxVh48MEAEjgVx6dMcxkJPOSCkHujCmHdTU-Pva-6yUW_duch1vEWqlFByqXZNEzLC0qDOH3/s1600/LIFE+&+FOOD.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">IOU=I/O=
~140 Btu/m<sup>2</sup>/year<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A hunter-gatherer would be an omnivore, let’s say halfway
between a herbivore and first-level carnivore, to find his physical strength
and stamina for his only input, giving an IOU ratio of 150000/1100=136.4; here
measured in Btu/m<sup>2</sup>/year; which when used on both sides of the
equation still gives a valid ratio between input and output. But again, the
QUALITY (kind) of input needs to be known or specified; here we start with
Plants – not with, say electrons coming directly from a solar PV panel. And another
measure appears: area of land required as ‘input’ for plant-life energy. So
even our single hunter-gatherer level human is, in energy terms, permanently in
hock to the environment to the tune of, say 140 times his own possible adult input
valour. The term ‘environment’ can be any four-dimensional region (time always plays
a role, even when kept tacit) between the tip of your nose and the furthest
region of the universe; we are all just stardust on that ‘boundary’ assumption.
A realistic boundary needs to be defined before making meaningful comparisons
between different situations – to be discussed below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">At the other extreme of a situation to be assessed,
providing 20 kWh of laser quality photons for, say eye surgery, requires app.
6,600 kWh thermal energy at start of the chain of conversion and refinement
necessary from coal, oil or gas, that is I/O=U
or 6600/20=330/1 or an IOU ratio
of 330 kWh Input for every single kWh of laser output. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Again, this is most intuitively understandable when shown graphically:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcGeZqWqfzLX6q9tUROj_64n1kUkQVPuW0iLxTUb3tBP7epoRwwWqKMWODh1RiX_2-4i-QEHI32QedfFRP5Pk-f1dkIHpF7y6zY0hM72BnN59LGRHj_9xeE0sHH8xc9ySB50GGjneUPs6v/s1600/pyramid+laser.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcGeZqWqfzLX6q9tUROj_64n1kUkQVPuW0iLxTUb3tBP7epoRwwWqKMWODh1RiX_2-4i-QEHI32QedfFRP5Pk-f1dkIHpF7y6zY0hM72BnN59LGRHj_9xeE0sHH8xc9ySB50GGjneUPs6v/s1600/pyramid+laser.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: right; text-indent: 0cm;">IOUkWh</span><sub style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: right; text-indent: 0cm;">p</sub><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: right; text-indent: 0cm;">=I/O=330
kWh</span><sub style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: right; text-indent: 0cm;">th</sub></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">One last example for comparison: the SUV version of the horseless carriage:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK8mE4fJj5KCw1mst9WRGNJMO3GkHOwPgHiATx45F6p2wcpwiqS55ro8zggY_7lPo9lDfYUK85YOvpuUHFnVjYhQhpHdwtZIHWlkB1sdiRdHxOAK43YKZzoWoMHKvof_urMlA-q5k0TjNI/s1600/SUV.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK8mE4fJj5KCw1mst9WRGNJMO3GkHOwPgHiATx45F6p2wcpwiqS55ro8zggY_7lPo9lDfYUK85YOvpuUHFnVjYhQhpHdwtZIHWlkB1sdiRdHxOAK43YKZzoWoMHKvof_urMlA-q5k0TjNI/s1600/SUV.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The author’s 2% stated usefulness
from the original oil source, giving an
</span>IOU=I/O=132 kWh<sub>th<o:p></o:p></sub></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Where does all this <b><i><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">I</span></i></b><i>nput</i> energy disappear to with so little <b><i><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">O</span></i></b><i>utput</i>
energy ending up as <b><i><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">U</span></i></b><i>seful</i> for us humans? Best illustrated with Sankey diagrams [try <a href="http://www.e-sankey.com/en/"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">http://www.e-sankey.com/en/</span></a>].<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Here
is the first one I ever saw, created in 1949 showing the World’s Energy Flux in
1937:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiInZHyxN__JaM3smKT_gcorp12WMdqQ3IdRvH8rrrJGx2bBP5W4t3Iynjqu_9dbwh4PjvGMcw6jbQbIpxz8OV94TS6U2UxD6BLJFfHQ73hYgm_i0wh0EU1O7NWhFy9vOALrLXbV2tq4z0e/s1600/1000-HUBER+-MILLS_OCTOPUS.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiInZHyxN__JaM3smKT_gcorp12WMdqQ3IdRvH8rrrJGx2bBP5W4t3Iynjqu_9dbwh4PjvGMcw6jbQbIpxz8OV94TS6U2UxD6BLJFfHQ73hYgm_i0wh0EU1O7NWhFy9vOALrLXbV2tq4z0e/s1600/1000-HUBER+-MILLS_OCTOPUS.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">When I first saw this, I was reminded of seeing an octopus
and called it an Octopus Diagram, with the octopus’ <i>head</i> at the input end at left, and the <i>tentacles</i> on the right, in between digesting and distributing
everything that the various <i>mouths</i> at
the head can gobble up. cf.
<a href="http://altenergymag.com/emagazine.php?art_id=1673"><span lang="X-NONE" style="color: blue; font-size: 8.0pt;">http://altenergymag.com/emagazine.php?art_id=1673</span></a><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The next thing I liked was the distinction of input
groupings as </span><i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">RECURRING</i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> energy sources
versus </span><i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">IRREPLACABLE</i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> energy
sources.</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Buckminster Fuller describes
the same two groups as INCOME energies versus CAPITAL energies.</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">‘Renewable’ energy is plainly a Newspeak
misnomer and should be disused:</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">energy
just isn’t </span><i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">renewable – by Order of the
Universe </i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">as already noted above. The term </span><i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">RECURRING </i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">also has the immediate reminder of the element of time:
if the recurrence happens at a slower rate than use, result: misery, if faster,
result is happiness – ala Micawber.</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">IRREPLACABLE </i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">similarly embodies the time
element in the sense of being finite – at some time, sooner or later, there will
be NIL food at one or more mouths of that kraken sized octopus.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The other advantage is the possibility to arrive at boundary
definitions for arrival of energy sources at the various ‘mouths’, from where
they enter the octopus’ digestive system. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Perhaps a simple convention for all entry boundaries could
be the first entry level to wholesale points, <b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">F</span></b>ree
at Top-level<span style="font-variant: small-caps;"> </span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">O</span></b>nshore<span style="font-variant: small-caps;"> </span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">W</span></b>holesale<span style="font-variant: small-caps;"> </span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-variant: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">I</span></b>ntake
– FOWI perhaps – from where only direct distribution levels, routes and conduits
to reach any end user depart, albeit via further intermediate refinement and
conversion operators and processes [most notably for electricity generation, as
identified in the US 2009 diagram below]. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">If on further scrutiny, FOWI would form a practicable
boundary definition for the ‘food’ intake at the various mouths of any Octopus,
it would also be the point of total energy expenditure needed to provide its
different kinds of ‘food’, in order to arrive from whatever source found in the
environment at a comparable level of entry into the Octopus’ metabolism. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">One entry shown in the 1937 World Energy Octopus is the tentacle
labelled A in the black CONSUMED box at the output end of the diagram, labelled
‘extraction of raw materials’. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> I propose to retain a
tentacle A as in this 1937 Octopus of energy use perhaps as label A1 because it
is, after all an output used, and not just as ‘extraction of raw materials’ but
including all energy expenditure for ‘food’ right up to the ‘mouths’ identified
as FOWI gates. A<sub>1</sub> uses need to be known when used for calculating energy
embodiments in their respective primary energy headings by the time they arrive
at FOWI input boundaries. Further tendrils at tentacle A, say as A<sub>2</sub>. A<sub>3</sub>…
A<sub>n</sub> might collectively be described as <i>Culture </i>uses, which would include headings
like education from kindergarten to university and beyond, science, fundamental
research (Iter, Cern, Fusion etc), all of the <i>Arts</i>, leisure activities, etc etc; in short anything using energy
not suitably classifiable as belonging strictly under headings like Electricity
Generation, Residential, Commercial, Industrial and Transportation as categorized
in the 2009 US diagram. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">One fundamental other resource is needed for our <i>Octopuses</i> just as for any other
creature, including humans, with all their bodily internal and external
transformation processes – and that is
WATER. In discussions of <i>IRREPLACABLE</i> energy sources, often the
use of Peak Oil, Peak Coal appears for any other irreplaceable source peaking and
then beginning to become unavailable for ever.
Yet <i>Water</i> is never explicitly mentioned
in spite of being essential in the extraction, transformation and as processing
ingredient in all primary energy sources and their uses. I have made a
rough-and-ready assessment of the water requirements of electricity production
and came to surprising results, peaking in PEAK WATER becoming apparent. While water is not strictly <i>irreplaceable,</i> – with oceans and polar
ice caps being about as limitless as could be desired – but water will (where
it not already is) become a very energy-hungry resource due to transportation, desalination and waste-water treatment
and purification necessities.. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">cf. <a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/reality-check-2.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/reality-check-2.html</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/blog/2012/9/19/water-use-in-electricity-generation-the-sobering-facts-that-make-a-case-for-wind-and-solar-power/651.aspx">http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/blog/2012/9/19/water-use-in-electricity-generation-the-sobering-facts-that-make-a-case-for-wind-and-solar-power/651.aspx</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://altenergymag.com/emagazine/2012/08/peak-what/1963">http://altenergymag.com/emagazine/2012/08/peak-what/1963</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">After all, no one has described the essence of the design objective
for all of us, better than Buckminster Fuller in his address to the 1963
Congress of the International Union of Architects in Paris:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-size: 9.5pt;">".... to render
the total chemical and energy resources* of the world, which are now
exclusively preoccupied in serving only 44% of humanity, adequate to the
service of 100% of humanity, at higher standards of living and total enjoyment
than any man has yet experienced."</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<i><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">*I think we
should include information resources <o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Back to the original Octopus version, figures for which are
given in Millions of Millions of Kilowatt-hours/year (1937). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">During that year, the world used – for other than food –
(0.3 +0.2 +1.8 +0.9 +3.6 +0.1 +0.7 +10.9)
=18.5^12 kWh/y , of which (0.3+1.8+0.8+0.8)=3.7^12 kWh/y were useful, giving an
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">IOU=5^12 kWh/y, or as plain ratio
with identical I and O dimensions assumed, an<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <b>IOU=5</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Overall, during that year the World Octopus gobbled up (7.0+16.2)
= 23.2 trillion kWh and ‘excreted’ (23.2-3.7) =19,5 trillion of these, that is a
seeming ‘waste’, but better called<b> <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>entropy* = 84%</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">because that ‘waste’ is not wasted:
without it there would be NIL output;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <b>useful output
= 16% <o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">* Entropy is a thermodynamic property that is a measure of the energy not
available for work in a <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">thermodynamic process. It
is defined by the second law of thermodynamics</span></i><br />
<pre style="text-align: start;"></pre>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A more recent Sankey
diagram for US energy in 2009:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjijSlBUUj9y7-dKRqT1DrzKtqxV3xhuK15whv_UB3epTQ8sPRnuBRlXudrGLDUNei_SKHDb8vsoFN_3SZZyVu_RrYgNgEXGNf2xQx_umacdEFS-um8PjppY-jm0bFBGYedz-yyfR8UeXwo/s1600/US+ENERGY+2009.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjijSlBUUj9y7-dKRqT1DrzKtqxV3xhuK15whv_UB3epTQ8sPRnuBRlXudrGLDUNei_SKHDb8vsoFN_3SZZyVu_RrYgNgEXGNf2xQx_umacdEFS-um8PjppY-jm0bFBGYedz-yyfR8UeXwo/s1600/US+ENERGY+2009.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">IOU=94.62/39.97= <b>IOU = 2.37
<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">entropy is 54.64/94.62= <b>entropy
= 58%<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">useful
output = 42% <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">These two diagrams are different in size, time and
construction and are not strictly comparable in detail, kind or volume, but seen
as a <i>type</i> comparison, they do show,
that the US had about half the IOU ratio of energy drawn from the environment
with an efficiency of conversion processes of ~40% useful output with ~60% incurred
entropy losses, compared to the whole World conversion process (1937) showing
an efficiency of ~20% useful output with
~80% incurred entropy losses from an IOU ratio of energy drawn from the
environment</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">about twice that of the US 2009 situation. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A notable difference between the two Sankey diagrams shown, is that US 2009 does not contain any mention of Octopus mouths for<i> Food and Fuel </i>for<i> </i>which<i>, </i>say artificial fertilizers amongst other needs for processes might be seen as a significant energy input requirement. In the discussion of water needs below, agriculture would be a major contributer to Peak Water.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">There is one other enlightening use of octopuses. Using the
2009 US diagram, the annual Residential consumption is shown as 11.26 Quads/y,
derived from (0.01 +8.35 +2.68 +0.7 +0.37 +23.37 +19.76 +3.88) = 59.12 Quads/y
applicable national primary inputs. Some assumptions here: Residential is taken
to include everything from construction, use and maintenance and demolition
during that year. The pure lighting use is probably no more than 1% of that
total, but is pure electricity. It is therefore arriving from the inputs to
Electricity Generation of 38.19 Quads/y. Saving 1% (assumption, here purely for
illustration purposes) of residential energy use from changing ‘lightbulbs’
would save 1.126 Quads/y [that is equal to 329,998,039,833 kWh/y, or 330 billion
kWh/y] out of 38.19 Quads/y, or 0.3% of national electricity production costs
in energy terms. Out of total national
primary energy, those 330 billion kWh/y saved would represent a national saving
in primary energy of 1.126/59.12 = 0.2%. This is just to illustrate one other useful
aspect of making use of Sankey diagrams by following any end (or inter-process
stage) use upstream to see what effect any
change will have on primary input. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I would like to quote from the inside cover blurb of this ‘<i>Basic Book’</i> that triggered me to think
of octopuses and IOUs:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“For all the talk about energy prices, and energy policy on both sides
of the political aisle we actually know very little about what’s really at stake.
In their explosive new book The Bottomless Well, Peter W Huber and Mark R Mills
shatter the prevailing myths and show that across the board, energy isn’t the
problem – energy is the solution.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Writing in take-no-prisoners, urgently
compelling prose, Huber & Mills
explain:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></i>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i style="text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">-- why
demand for energy will never go down</span></i></span></i></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> -- why most of what we think of
as “energy waste” actually benefits us<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> -- why more efficient cars,
engines, and bulbs will never lower demand<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> -- why energy supply is
infinite<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> -- why gasoline prices matter
less and less<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">-- and
why hybrid engines will most likely lead us to cars propelled by the <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> coal-fired
and uranium-fired grid.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">As for the much-maligned power grid itself, it’s the Worst system we
could have except for all the pro-posed alternatives. Expanding energy supplies
mean higher productivity, more jobs, and a growing GDP. The Bottomless Well
shows how a better understanding of energy should radically change our views
and policies on a number of highly controversial issues.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> I hope this trailer sounds
intriguing enough to make you reach for this book, from which all illustrations
but the US 2009 diagram, have been borrowed.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></span><b style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;">WIRED</span></b><b style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">magazine
[</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">UK Edition OCT 14</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">]
provides, as always, fascinating reading; making inter alia no less of an
announcement on the front cover than: </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>SOLVED! THE
GLOBAL FOOD CRISIS</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Enticing no doubt, but would be digressing
here because on page 139 surfaces an article by Jeremy White [<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">WIRED’s Product Editor</span>]
from which I would like to quote an excerpt relevant to the IOU discussion
here:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">POWER PLANT<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">When BMW began making electric and hybrid
cars, it also rethought what its Leipzig factory should be.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">you might call it post-fordist…<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“From Henry Ford’s industrial production model to the introduction of
robots in the late 20<sup>th</sup> century, there has been significant change
in the way mass-market cars are made…. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Take BMW. The German company was aware that the assembly of its i
Series of electric and hybrid vehicles (the i3 was launched in November 2013,
the i8 in June this year) required a new approach to manufacturing. So, between
2009 and 2012, it spent €400 million (£310 million) building a new factory near
Leipzig in east central Germany.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The company claims that the facility, which covers an area of 2.1
million m2, is one of the most sustainable automobile plants in the world. The differences
with the older plants are striking. On the new line, there is no need for a
paint shop as the thermoplastic outer body panels can be sprayed in small,
shed-like rooms. A traditional press shop is absent because the construction of
the passenger section of the vehicles doesn’t require steel or aluminium. In
the body shop, there is no more welding, just robots silently applying glue.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>The result is that making the i models requires 50 per cent less power
and 70 per cent less water per car compared to the BMW production average which,
in 2011, was 2.43 MWh per vehicle. All of the electricity needed for the i
models is generated on-site using wind power from four 2.5 MW turbines.
Generating around 26 GWh per year, these turbines produce 2GWh more electricity
than is required for the i Series. The surplus is channelled into other areas
of the plant….” </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">WOW, I thought what a topical
real-life example for exploring with IOU analyses: an on-site windmill powered industrial plant,
usually thought of necessarily being hooked to that ‘baseload grid’, producing
surplus energy for export, perhaps on a 24hour production basis (?) using what
(?) for wind power variability bridging, comparing its installed IOU with the
same 26 GWh/y output derived from Baltic or North Sea offshore wind, or from a
possible grid connection, or what-if from solar PV perhaps on factory roofs –
using the IOU calculation method here described together with the graphical
views like the Pyramids and Octopus diagrams to compare and understand the
various options? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Have some fun with that :-) </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I can see a liberal necessity for ‘midnight
oil’ coming up…</span><o:p></o:p><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ooo000ooo</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">ADDENDUM <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Added on 16 March 2015:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">On 17 January 2015 The Economist published a
Special Report on <i>Energy and Technology. </i>The
first article in this report, headed <i>Let there
be light </i>included this Sankey
diagram</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmnAFlEjb0haCC48JN343WYajXHajUpdw63ggr6Ltg2gdUZ7pH7D-juEChGJYEQc4Ce1EIbHtfA2hCkykuLoDYvJKVZjwV_pid3ercXkClg8rJOKYDyMV9Av9G9gabL5tGtT1Di0WeVOEj/s1600/ECONOMIST+SPECIAL+REPORT+17+JAN+15.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmnAFlEjb0haCC48JN343WYajXHajUpdw63ggr6Ltg2gdUZ7pH7D-juEChGJYEQc4Ce1EIbHtfA2hCkykuLoDYvJKVZjwV_pid3ercXkClg8rJOKYDyMV9Av9G9gabL5tGtT1Di0WeVOEj/s1600/ECONOMIST+SPECIAL+REPORT+17+JAN+15.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt; text-align: right;">Source: The Economist 17 JAN 2015, Special
Report: </span><i style="font-size: 8pt; text-align: right;">Let there be light</i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">IOU = I/O = 97.14/38.4 = <b>IOU
= 2.63 <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">entropy is 59.0/97.14 = <b>entropy = 61%<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">useful
output = 39%<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Converting
all energy units to TWh as in the first <i>Octopus</i>
for the World Energy use in 1937, we can make the following comparison:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>WORLD</b> 1937<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Total
IN: 23.2 TWh = 100% <b>IOU</b> = <b>5.49</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Useful
OUT: 3.7 TWh = 16% entropy = 84%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>USA</b> 2009: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Total
IN: 94.62 Quads = 27 730
TWh = 100% <b>IOU</b> = <b>2.37</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Useful
OUT: 39.97 Quads = 11 714 TWh = 42% entropy = 58%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>USA</b> 2013:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Total
IN: 97.14 Quads = 28
469 TWh = 100% <b>IOU
</b>= <b>2.53</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Useful
OUT: 38.40 Quads = 11 254 TWh
= 39% entropy = 61%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Which
together show these useful <i>order-of-magnitude</i> comparisons:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-stretch: normal;">-- </span></span>in
2013, the USA alone consumed 1227 times as much energy as the whole World did
in 1937, with a 231% improved conversion
efficiency (measured by the IOU ratio, after the 2.9 TWh used for ‘food’ in the
1937 world total – not used in the USA diagrams – has been allowed for)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-stretch: normal;">-- </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">USA
consumption had increased by 2.66% since 2009, with a 7% entropy increase over 2009 (= loss
in conversion efficiency = IOU ratio).</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ooo000ooo</div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">[1] </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; line-height: 11.4545459747314px;">PS added 01 DEC 2014</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjREFgrexgYOEi_VMJwT5FFTsC1t9t4xdnQHpnR3eg96xtpqZjMsc1yimiHuqWHJ18Hzv_kqwVhAUdB0HObjqdvKjSbbSaTi9-6ZUJa3ydcuoPuISxNgtkOXO46rKNVcHCfAbCJONT9WAYQ/s1600/THERMODYNAMICS.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjREFgrexgYOEi_VMJwT5FFTsC1t9t4xdnQHpnR3eg96xtpqZjMsc1yimiHuqWHJ18Hzv_kqwVhAUdB0HObjqdvKjSbbSaTi9-6ZUJa3ydcuoPuISxNgtkOXO46rKNVcHCfAbCJONT9WAYQ/s1600/THERMODYNAMICS.jpg" width="214" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; line-height: 11.4545459747314px;">Oxford University Press Inc, New York, 2007</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBU7Ve-pNa9pv-VTnTQakcGepaEojXaS4iVhjNQnqkfgBiRfk5hv9POTeC_Qs7FTZbldcEBoBHWJQtb9QsAeNJioOLsMeGf3OggvUsb6cDom79nWXVpvm2kF2CXew6BjlZTZG4u9CqZ-mD/s1600/THERMODYNAMICS%232.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBU7Ve-pNa9pv-VTnTQakcGepaEojXaS4iVhjNQnqkfgBiRfk5hv9POTeC_Qs7FTZbldcEBoBHWJQtb9QsAeNJioOLsMeGf3OggvUsb6cDom79nWXVpvm2kF2CXew6BjlZTZG4u9CqZ-mD/s1600/THERMODYNAMICS%232.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Addendum </b>07 July 2016:</span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Since writing this essay about
three years ago, the IOU concept has led to further insights from a fuller understanding of
Peter Atkins' FOUR LAWS when combined with the BIRTH OF THERMODYNAMICS at <span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/07/thefour-laws-withoutwhich-nothing.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/07/thefour-laws-withoutwhich-nothing.html</a> ,</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">which in turn led to an
expanded edition of SUSTAINABILITY – THE FULL MONTY, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">published by Lulu Press at<span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.lulu.com/spotlight/CleanEnergyPundit">http://www.lulu.com/spotlight/CleanEnergyPundit</a> </span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<img height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3wkSKfrqB1W8zCY9T5lJSkak6ALkCrtVcAdbh-9cGpzTxs4N2Tm3BOAoOqpLQf-AR4SIOeTiV30xjgvqQf_yLuo_kVnzqlBdOS7wVdywJwCYAzdkgwe6lKObI-Of-_0DPJadelVluk4xr/s320/NEW_LULU_SUSTAINABILITY_LULU_TITLE.png" width="320" /></div>
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<img height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBqN_0iLT4cNfKlH3Ph5o4KPzypGYb_8fmQmicVKXVu6fT-7vOhyphenhyphenqmg8c2DMuQZPEjMRDwgNeRdoz6mLjwG80mnSHnNIukKklcR118xMbpQxvEjpqK8K14Rh2UCp7b214v6XftOkWTGjww/s320/NEW_LULU_SUSTAINABILITY_LULU_CONTENTS.png" width="320" /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">All of which finally allowed me </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">to arrive at a definition of SUSTAINABILITY, </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">now added to the earlier definition of CLEAN ENERGY</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8QJ6W7ktoMOJRlvtll-gQFhyTaPSKwauJAEUCqncm3J45DTMiPeUfHqkyDSFaK0jp2GT936W01pU9LezWwCXW7-6HnFaKZG3p9-XfU2r6g_5y6xZpeN2asWEWfbFg5G0ePTU76ZS08TVP/s1600/BASICS+%25235.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8QJ6W7ktoMOJRlvtll-gQFhyTaPSKwauJAEUCqncm3J45DTMiPeUfHqkyDSFaK0jp2GT936W01pU9LezWwCXW7-6HnFaKZG3p9-XfU2r6g_5y6xZpeN2asWEWfbFg5G0ePTU76ZS08TVP/s400/BASICS+%25235.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And not to forget: 'sustaining itself in future' is, of course, the ultimate definition of </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">WEALTH.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/10/buckminster-fuller-more-relevant-than.html">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2015/10/buckminster-fuller-more-relevant-than.html</a> </span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-60838088116416226412014-09-22T18:55:00.002+01:002015-08-05T11:29:19.531+01:00WHO FUNDS THE EUROPEAN SCIENCE FOUNDATION?<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Who funds
the European Science Foundation?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Broadway; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">US
Senate Committee <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Broadway; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">reveals
questionable influence from an environmentally active <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Broadway; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Club of
Billionaires.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic', sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[This
is my translation of the largely German newsletter by Kalte Sonne. <a href="http://www.kaltesonne.de/?p=20772">http://www.kaltesonne.de/?p=20772</a> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic', sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Quotations in italics are direct copies of the
English originals.] </span><span style="font-size: 7pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Climate
realism in Germany depends largely on volunteers. Activists for <i>Kalte Sonne</i>, <i>EIKE, Notrickszone, ScienceSkepticalBlog</i> and other groups give
much of their time to this direly needed service, driven by much civil courage.
One issue becomes clearer day by day: a whole branch of science has obviously departed
from the real world, tempted by financial inducements, career prospects,
political influence and prestige. Climate activists are similarly well funded.
The PIK-Institut [Potsdam Institute for Climate-research] has a separate public
relations department to spread its alarmist news far and wide. The climate
activist platform “Klimaretter” [‘Climatesaviours’ <a href="http://www.klimaretter.info/">http://www.klimaretter.info/</a>]
asks its viewers for regular donations to fund its IPCC inspired authors.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Republican
members of the US Senate Environment and Public Works Committee (EPW) have published,
at the end of July 2014, the results of their investigation into the funding
streams of the extreme left-wing environment movement. The result is deeply
distressing: supposedly independent
environment organisations turned out to be billionaire-directed marionettes.
Additionally, large public funds were channelled into activist groups. Similar
to the German situation, the US federal environment administration is astonishingly close linked to the extreme left-wing environment movement. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-sm0JS1Vr8UP9F8-ZgssSNQDaXv82BcgUiCDPJtBt3guPZAJ2VONlb9ZhyhMfwVp_mH_J4U6mQ9XcCo8Ci51-D-E7q7GDQiAWWzjtkr9Aww3fxPcYiCPvjYmNiG_QPwmihriXVQnHxHvs/s1600/The+Chain+of+Environmental+Command.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-sm0JS1Vr8UP9F8-ZgssSNQDaXv82BcgUiCDPJtBt3guPZAJ2VONlb9ZhyhMfwVp_mH_J4U6mQ9XcCo8Ci51-D-E7q7GDQiAWWzjtkr9Aww3fxPcYiCPvjYmNiG_QPwmihriXVQnHxHvs/s1600/The+Chain+of+Environmental+Command.png" width="496" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="http://www.epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=8af3d005-1337-4bc3-bcd6-be947c523439">http://www.epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=8af3d005-1337-4bc3-bcd6-be947c523439</a></span>
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Some
excerpts from the Press Release:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong><i><span style="font-size: large;">The Chain of Environmental Command</span></i></strong><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<em><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Key points from the report:<o:p></o:p></span></em></div>
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<em><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• The “Billionaire’s Club,” an exclusive group of wealthy
individuals, directs the far-left environmental movement. The members of this
elite liberal club funnel their fortunes through private foundations to execute
their personal political agenda, which is centered around restricting the use
of fossil fuels in the United States.<o:p></o:p></span></em></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<em><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Public charities attempt to provide the maximum amount of
control to their donors through fiscal sponsorships, which are a legally
suspect innovation unique to the left, whereby the charity essentially sells
its nonprofit status to a group for a fee.<o:p></o:p></span></em></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<em><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Public charity activist groups discussed in this report
propagate the false notion that they are independent, citizen-funded groups
working altruistically. In reality, they work in tandem with wealthy donors to
maximize the value of the donors’ tax deductible donations and leverage their
combined resources to influence elections and policy outcomes, with a focus on
the EPA.<o:p></o:p></span></em></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<em><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Environmental Grantmakers Association (EGA) is a place where
wealthy donors meet and coordinate the distribution of grants to advance the
environmental movement. It is a secretive organization, refusing to disclose
their membership list to Congress.<o:p></o:p></span></em></div>
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<br /></div>
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<em><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• The Obama Administration has installed an audacious
green-revolving door among senior officials at EPA, which has become a valuable
asset for the environmental movement and its wealthy donors.<o:p></o:p></span></em></div>
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<br /></div>
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<em><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Former environmentalists working at EPA funnel government
money through grants to their former employers and colleagues.<o:p></o:p></span></em></div>
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<br /></div>
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<em><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Under President Obama, EPA has given more than $27 million in
taxpayer-funded grants to major environmental groups. Notably, the Natural
Resources Defense Council and Environmental Defense Fund – two key activists
groups with significant ties to senior EPA officials – have collected more than
$1 million in funding each.<o:p></o:p></span></em></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<em><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• EPA also gives grants to lesser-known groups. For example, the
Louisiana Bucket Brigade received hundreds of thousands of grants under former
Administrator Lisa Jackson despite challenges by state regulators over the use
of such grants.<o:p></o:p></span></em></div>
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<br /></div>
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<em><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• In New York and Colorado, a pseudo grassroots effort to attack
hydraulic fracturing has germinated from massive amounts of funding by the
NY-based Park Foundation, as well as CA-based Schmidt Family Foundation and
Tides Foundation.<o:p></o:p></span></em></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<em><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Bold Nebraska is another example of faux grassroots where a
purportedly local organization is, in fact, an arm of the Billionaire’s Club.
It is a shield for wealthy and distant non-Nebraskan interests who seek to
advance a political agenda without drawing attention to the fact that they have
little connection to the state.<o:p></o:p></span></em></div>
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<br /></div>
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<em><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• The circumstances surrounding the flow of money from 501(c)(3)
and 501(c)(4) groups, and the likelihood of lax oversight, raises questions as
to whether 501(c)(3) nonprofit foundations and charities are indirectly funding
political activities.<o:p></o:p></span></em></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<em><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• 501(c)(4) Green Tech Action Fund receives millions of dollars
from green 501(c)(3) organizations, then distributes the funds to other
501(c)(4) groups that donate to political campaigns.<o:p></o:p></span></em></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<em><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• The Billionaire’s Club knowingly collaborates with
questionable offshore funders to maximize support for the far-left
environmental movement.</span></em><span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In
Europe, the extreme left-wing climate movement is directed by the European
Climate Foundation (ECF). According to its own annual report [<a href="http://europeanclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ECF-2013-annual-report-web.pdf">http://europeanclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ECF-2013-annual-report-web.pdf</a>
], p.42, the ECF in 2013 had 23.2million Euro at its disposal, of which 15.3millinon
Euro were spent on activists and projects. Where on earth are such sums coming
from? The annual budget of this <i>KalteSonne</i> newsletter amounts to 25 Euro;
in other words, the ECF has about one million times more money for its
activism than our blog.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ECF names
six main sponsors for the year 2013: <i>The
Children’s Investment Fund Foundation</i>, <i>ClimateWorks
Foundation</i>, <i>McCall Macbain
Foundation, Oak Foundation, Velux Fonden </i>und die<i> Nationale Postcode Loterij. </i>For a large part, this sounds rather
American. So let’s have a closer look at the EPW report where we find on page
47:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>Activist Organizations Serve as Pass-Throughs,
Leveraging Additional Influence While Creating the Appearance of Diverse Support</i></b><br />
<i>The Energy Foundation is a prime example of a “pass through” public charity,
which receives massive amounts of funding from private foundations. The Energy
Foundation then funds a variety of activist organizations. As opposed to a
fiscal sponsor that assesses a fee to collect money on behalf of unrecognized
groups, a pass through foundation contributes money to recognized charities.
The Energy Foundation was formed as a pass through with a $20 million endowment
donated by the Pew Charitable Trusts, the Rockefeller Foundation and the John
D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.311 Currently, the Energy
Foundation’s website lists the following partners: <b>ClimateWorks
Foundation</b>,<b> Children’s Investment Fund Foundation</b>, David and
Lucile Packard Foundation, Grantham Foundation, Lakeshore Foundation, The
McKnight Foundation, <b>Oak Foundation</b>, Pisces Foundation, Robertson
Foundation, Schmidt Family Foundation, Tilia Fund, TomKat Fund, TOSA
Foundation, The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, and Yellow Chair Foundation.</i></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the
US, the ‘Energy Foundation’ serves as a money collection and transmission vehicle.
Billionaires control smaller foundations, which pump funds into the Foundation,
from where they are forwarded to fund activist projects. On the old continent,
the European Climate Foundation was created mirroring the US set-up. Three US
foundations are active in ECF as main sponsors, namely <b><i>ClimateWorks
Foundation</i></b><i>,<b> Children’s Investment Fund Foundation</b></i> and <b><i>Oak
Foundation</i></b>. It becomes obvious, that emanating from the US, a
world-wide network of climate activists is to be established with which to
steer global energy policy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Where do
these plentiful ECF funds actually end up?
The ECF website provides this information:</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<strong><span style="background: white; color: #6a6a6a; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">“</span></strong><strong><span style="background: white; color: #6a6a6a; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Beispiele für geförderte Projekte</span></strong><span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
<em><span style="background: white; font-style: normal;">Mehr in kürze!”</span></em></span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<strong><span style="background: white; color: #6a6a6a; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">“Examples of funded projects</span></strong><span style="color: #6a6a6a; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
<em><span style="background: white; font-style: normal;">more soon!”</span></em></span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That
appears a bit very sparse and mysterious, considering the ECF was founded as
long ago as 2008 – that’s six years ago!
At another part of their website the veil is lifted a little:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">“ECF supports many socially active organisations, e.g. WWF,
Naturschutzbund (NABU) [nature protection association], Deutsche Umwelthilfe
[German environment assistance], Germanwatch,<span style="background: white; color: #6a6a6a; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span>Forum
Ökologisch-Soziale Marktwirtschaft [forum for socio-ecological market economy] and
the Klima-Allianz. In addition, we support progressive enterprises like Stiftung
2° [Foundation 2°] and the Deutsche Unternehmensinitiative Energieeffizienz
e. V. (DENEFF) [German Enterpriseinitiative for Energyefficiency e.V. =
registered society].”</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">WWF is known as one of the most problematic activists
in IPCC climate reporting, because WWF has managed in the past to place many of
its activists in IPCC teams of authors. Instead of openly reporting on
scientific facts, the WWF team were mainly concerned to create a smokescreen of
dangerous scenarios with which to hammer home their aim to further the
elimination of hydrocarbon energy sources. The Canadian journalist Donna
Lafromboise described the extent of the IPCC infiltration by environment
activists in an article for the Wall Street Journal <a href="http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323981304579079030750537994%20in%20Septmeber%202013">http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323981304579079030750537994
in Septmeber 2013</a>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The problem is that numerous IPCC personnel have ties to
environmental groups, many of which raise funds by hyping the alleged dangers
of climate change. This relationship raises a legitimate question about their
objectivity. The examples are legion. Donald Wuebbles, one of the two leaders
of the introductory first chapter of the Working Group 1 report (a draft of
which may be released next Monday), has been writing awareness-raising climate
change reports for the activist Union of Concerned Scientists for a decade.
Another chapter of the full IPCC report, “Open Oceans,” is led by Australian
marine biologist Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, who has written a string of reports with
titles such as “Pacific in Peril” for Greenpeace and the World Wildlife Fund
(WWF). Astrophysicist Michael Oppenheimer, in charge of another chapter of the
IPCC report, “Emergent Risks and Key Vulnerabilities,” advises the
Environmental Defense Fund (after having spent more than two decades on its
payroll). University of Maryland scientist Richard Moss is a former fulltime
WWF vice president, while Jennifer Morgan used to be the WWF’s chief climate
change spokesperson. Both are currently IPCC review editors—a position that’s
supposed to ensure that feedback from IPCC external reviewers is addressed in
an even-handed manner. My own examination of the 2007 IPCC report found that
two-thirds of its 44 chapters included at least one individual with ties to the
WWF. Some were former or current employees, others were members of a WWF
advisory panel whose purpose is to heighten the public’s sense of urgency
around climate change.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In other words, the ECF also supports these
dubious activities, when the actual task of the IPCC is to provide a neutral
scientific description and assessment free from political viewpoints. No wonder
that projects at the Potsdam PIK-Institute were also supported by the ECF, as
can be seen at their <i>Förderliste</i> <a href="https://www.pik-potsdam.de/forschung/klimawirkung-vulnerabilitat/projekte/dm-rd2/externally-funded-projects/completed">https://www.pik-potsdam.de/forschung/klimawirkung-vulnerabilitat/projekte/dm-rd2/externally-funded-projects/completed</a>
.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It appears that the ECF is not really
interested in a strictly scientific assessment of the climate conundrum. If it were otherwise, this foundation would
long have contacted us at the
Kalte-Sonne-Team to inquire about support for research projects concerning natural
climate influences, like ocean cycles and solar activity fluctuations. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Our contact form is here: <a href="http://www.kaltesonne.de/?page_id=45">http://www.kaltesonne.de/?page_id=45</a></span><o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
000 <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">END</span> 000<br />
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">APPENDIX just received:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">22/09/2014 23:23h</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><b>WHO SIGNED THE CLIMATE DECLARATION?</b></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: 0cm;"><a href="http://nofrakkingconsensus.com/2014/09/22/who-signed-the-climate-declaration/" style="text-indent: 0cm;">http://nofrakkingconsensus.com/2014/09/22/who-signed-the-climate-declaration/</a> </span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-32105570756282316062014-09-14T10:50:00.002+01:002015-08-05T11:30:14.324+01:00THORIUM ?<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">THORIUM</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;"><span style="font-size: large;">Twilight of Abundance</span>, </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/08/tyger-growl-knowing-of-burt-rutansince.html"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/08/tyger-growl-knowing-of-burt-rutansince.html</span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In this book by David Archibald, he </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">weighs in
heavily about thorium-burning molten-salt reactors [p163ff] : </span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">“But it is what China is
undertaking in thorium that is of greater interest and concern. China’s
curiosity was triggered by a July 2010 </span><i style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">American
Scientist</i><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> article on thorium reactors written by two American physicists,
Robert Hargraves and Ralph Moir…. Amazingly, it was only six months from
reading the Hargraves-Moir article article to [China] committing to a major new
thrust in nuclear research. This is in stark contrast with the billions of
dollars spent in the United States, Europe, and Australia in recreating
medieval fear and superstition, and calling it climate science.</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hargraves followed up the
2010 <i>American Scientist</i> article with
a book titled <i>Thorium: Energy Cheaper
than Coal</i>, an exhaustive analysis of thorium technology and the economics
of alternative technologies, both nuclear and renewable. Meanwhile, China has
announced that it intends to patent as much intellectual property on thorium
reactors as possible. After all the pioneering work undertaken at Oak Ridge at
U.S. taxpayer expense, China is set to reap most of the benefits of
commercializing this technology.”</span></blockquote>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-SCy9EeuLFq4l-SZUQLD1PKwCcaNJzOoTIqen2EbeBmTnMDPFKeEEtW373gZJq426t-jT8B0T54QWEs6CaJM36TdbssmpIjokKvJf4-wtLZFPd-0CP66tRVF82GciqPvATX5gon7EWyrL/s1600/THORIUM+COVER.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-SCy9EeuLFq4l-SZUQLD1PKwCcaNJzOoTIqen2EbeBmTnMDPFKeEEtW373gZJq426t-jT8B0T54QWEs6CaJM36TdbssmpIjokKvJf4-wtLZFPd-0CP66tRVF82GciqPvATX5gon7EWyrL/s200/THORIUM+COVER.jpg" width="132" /></a><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Copyright 2012 by Robert
Hargraves, Hanover NH 03755</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Printed in Great Britain
by Amazon.co.uk, Ltd, Marston Gate, no date given.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">An article in <i>The Economist </i>has this to say on the subject of thorium:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21600656-thorium-element-named-after-norse-god-thunder-may-soon-contribute"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21600656-thorium-element-named-after-norse-god-thunder-may-soon-contribute</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></o:p></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> My tuppence worth:</span></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>“Homo sapiens</b> (modern
humans) is the only surviving species in the <b>genus</b>, all others
having become extinct<b>,”</b> advises Wikipedia. The only activity that enables us to continue
remaining ‘sapiens’ is the acquisition of information to continue our survival advantage,
as hinted at in <a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/05/brainology-101-midwives-hold-thenewborn.html"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/05/brainology-101-midwives-hold-thenewborn.htm</span>l</a>
. Acquiring information requires energy, and there being no limit to our
ignorance, there is theoretically no limit to our needs for energy. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the light of Dr John Morgan’s <i>CATCH-22
OF ENERGY STORAGE</i> <a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/09/reality-check-6-saturday-13-september.html"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2014/09/reality-check-6-saturday-13-september.html</span></a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">an account of the <b>EROIE </b>“the ratio of the energy produced over
the life of a power plant to the energy that was required to build it” and the possibility
of sustainable renewals for the life of our grandchildren’s grandchildren and
beyond, if feasible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I suggest that more use of Sankey diagrams might best
illustrate these energy ins and outs. as in <span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://altenergymag.com/emagazine.php?art_id=1673">http://altenergymag.com/emagazine.php?art_id=1673</a> ,</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">perhaps.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">PS</span></b>: <i>added on 20 OCT 2014</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Huber & Mills give much better reasoning about energy transformations, a short introduction is given at </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://tinyurl.com/pcw3zwx and </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://tinyurl.com/obhq3w9 .</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hargraves'</span> <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">unquestioned acceptance of the AGW Fraud and illustrating their scare stories with more smoking chimneys showing 'pollution' alright, but no invisible CO2 which harms no man or beast and is loved by plants - as in http://tinyurl.com/ot2hlp4 casts a heavy shadow of bias over the rest of the book. cf. http://tinyurl.com/ptgrz34 </span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-67652351443806562132014-09-13T16:07:00.000+01:002015-08-05T11:30:52.349+01:00REALITY CHECK #6<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">REALITY CHECK #6</span><br />
<br />
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<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Saturday, 13 September 2014<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">recieved from:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_L2nciGMYgMvkC8wqtlzGut_dOk6dGM7t94cDCjHvmgruORVu5pxtraMlVa4-uBXBgDeGsnEAXV7nnVjwHaGL6t6oUwu6_qIKfzr71yYfdoG26eFxzxCLtPi4u01J__Gy13f2cGyeybUa/s1600/EROEI+%230.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="77" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_L2nciGMYgMvkC8wqtlzGut_dOk6dGM7t94cDCjHvmgruORVu5pxtraMlVa4-uBXBgDeGsnEAXV7nnVjwHaGL6t6oUwu6_qIKfzr71yYfdoG26eFxzxCLtPi4u01J__Gy13f2cGyeybUa/s1600/EROEI+%230.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<a href="http://www.principia-scientific.org/the-catch-22-of-energy-storage.html" style="line-height: 14.65pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://www.principia-scientific.org/the-catch-22-of-energy-storage.html</span></a></div>
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<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333435; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="color: #333435; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">THE CATCH-22 OF ENERGY STORAGE</span><span style="font-size: 22.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</div>
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<span style="color: #858586; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Written by
Dr John Morgan, theenergycollective.com/ <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span style="color: #858586; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Read more at </span></i><span style="color: #858586; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="http://theenergycollective.com/barrybrook/471651/catch-22-energy-storage"><i>theenergycollective.com</i></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Pick up a research paper on battery
technology, fuel cells, energy storage technologies or any of the advanced
materials science used in these fields, and you will likely find somewhere in
the introductory paragraphs a throwaway line about its application to the
storage of renewable energy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLz1vr8lS-jl_EIjf44aj-uJIULeDp1TqAQJS4Araf_xaIh_TUWkFQhj2HmL6wjGyL0NQ55ocu0WsWxnMdvXu_KJP3n5fegB_KsB8wwO2_ESiQuIimWUzLLpTQX_xKbxMPN0bTNBOQUkYz/s1600/EROEI+%231.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLz1vr8lS-jl_EIjf44aj-uJIULeDp1TqAQJS4Araf_xaIh_TUWkFQhj2HmL6wjGyL0NQ55ocu0WsWxnMdvXu_KJP3n5fegB_KsB8wwO2_ESiQuIimWUzLLpTQX_xKbxMPN0bTNBOQUkYz/s1600/EROEI+%231.jpg" /></a></span></div>
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Energy storage makes sense for
enabling a transition away from fossil fuels to more intermittent sources like
wind and solar, and the storage problem presents a meaningful challenge for
chemists and materials scientists… Or does it?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm 11.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Several recent analyses of the inputs
to our energy systems indicate that, against expectations, energy storage
cannot solve the problem of intermittency of wind or solar power. Not for
reasons of technical performance, cost, or storage capacity, but for something
more intractable: there is not enough surplus energy left over after
construction of the generators and the storage system to power our present
civilization.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The problem is analysed in an
important paper by Weißbach <i>et al.</i><sup>1</sup> in terms of
energy returned on energy invested, or EROEI – the ratio of the energy produced
over the life of a power plant to the energy that was required to build
it. It takes energy to make a power plant – to manufacture its
components, mine the fuel, and so on. The power plant needs to make at
least this much energy to break even. A break-even powerplant has an
EROEI of 1. But such a plant would pointless, as there is no energy
surplus to do the useful things we use energy for.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">There is a minimum EROEI, greater
than 1, that is required for an energy source to be able to run society.
An energy system must produce a surplus large enough to sustain things like
food production, hospitals, and universities to train the engineers to build
the plant, transport, construction, and all the elements of the civilization in
which it is embedded.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm 11.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">For countries like the US and
Germany, Weißbach <i>et al.</i> estimate this minimum viable EROEI to
be about 7. An energy source with lower EROEI cannot sustain a society at
those levels of complexity, structured along similar lines. If we are to
transform our energy system, in particular to one without climate impacts, we
need to pay close attention to the EROEI of the end result.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The EROEI values for various
electrical power plants are summarized in the figure. The fossil fuel
power sources we’re most accustomed to have a high EROEI of about 30, well
above the minimum requirement. Wind power at 16, and concentrating solar
power (CSP, or solar thermal power) at 19, are lower, but the energy surplus is
still sufficient, in principle, to sustain a developed industrial
society. Biomass, and solar photovoltaic (at least in Germany), however,
cannot. With an EROEI of only 3.9 and 3.5 respectively, these power
sources cannot support with their energy alone both their own fabrication and
the societal services we use energy for in a first world country. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span style="color: #595959; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm 11.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">These EROEI values are for energy
directly delivered (the “unbuffered” values in the figure). But things
change if we need to store energy. If we were to store energy in, say,
batteries, we must invest energy in mining the materials and manufacturing
those batteries. So a larger energy investment is required, and the EROEI
consequently drops.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm 11.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Weißbach <i>et al.</i> calculated
the EROEIs assuming pumped hydroelectric energy storage. This is the
least energy intensive storage technology. The energy input is mostly
earthmoving and construction. It’s a conservative basis for the
calculation; chemical storage systems requiring large quantities of refined
specialty materials would be much more energy intensive.
Carbajales-Dale <i>et al.</i><sup>2</sup> cite data asserting
batteries are about ten times more energy intensive than pumped hydro storage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm 11.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Adding storage greatly reduces the
EROEI (the “buffered” values in the figure). Wind “firmed” with storage,
with an EROEI of 3.9, joins solar PV and biomass as an unviable energy
source. CSP becomes marginal (EROEI ~9) with pumped storage, so is
probably not viable with molten salt thermal storage. The EROEI of solar
PV with pumped hydro storage drops to 1.6, barely above breakeven, and with
battery storage is likely in energy deficit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm 11.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This is a rather unsettling
conclusion if we are looking to renewable energy for a transition to a low
carbon energy system: we cannot use energy storage to overcome the variability
of solar and wind power.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm 11.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In particular, we can’t use batteries
or chemical energy storage systems, as they would lead to much worse figures
than those presented by Weißbach <i>et al</i>. Hydroelectricity is
the only renewable power source that is unambiguously viable. However,
hydroelectric capacity is not readily scaled up as it is restricted by suitable
geography, a constraint that also applies to pumped hydro storage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This particular study does not stand
alone. Closer to home, Springer have just published a monograph, <i>Energy
in Australia</i>,<sup>3</sup> which contains an extended discussion of
energy systems with a particular focus on EROEI analysis, and draws similar
conclusions to Weißbach. Another study by a group at Stanford<sup>2</sup> is
more optimistic, ruling out storage for most forms of solar, but suggesting it
is viable for wind. However, this viability is judged only on achieving
an energy surplus (EROEI>1), not sustaining society (EROEI~7), and excludes
the round trip energy losses in storage, finite cycle life, and the energetic
cost of replacement of storage. Were these included, wind would certainly
fall below the sustainability threshold. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirhzNCOi68e18HeMc0POfSHodmc5g0xCjYAoLW3NTIxYKUl3JeEgArO6lPh5mhVQG4XvZ6ErxJh9GezaqdKTGxZOG-U5Q1vyzKSJU4MIFaxkp0V5sQGIAV-e6hi4RdbydHXb4a79VgPUz4/s1600/EROEI+%233.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirhzNCOi68e18HeMc0POfSHodmc5g0xCjYAoLW3NTIxYKUl3JeEgArO6lPh5mhVQG4XvZ6ErxJh9GezaqdKTGxZOG-U5Q1vyzKSJU4MIFaxkp0V5sQGIAV-e6hi4RdbydHXb4a79VgPUz4/s1600/EROEI+%233.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
<div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 14.65pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0cm;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #595959; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 14.65pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It’s important to understand the
nature of this EROEI limit. This is not a question of inadequate storage
capacity – we can’t just buy or make more storage to make it work. It’s
not a question of energy losses during charge and discharge, or the number of
cycles a battery can deliver. We can’t look to new materials or
technological advances, because the limits at the leading edge are those of
earthmoving and civil engineering. The problem can’t be addressed through
market support mechanisms, carbon pricing, or cost reductions. This is a
fundamental energetic limit that will likely only shift if we find less
materially intensive methods for dam construction.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm 11.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This is not to say wind and solar
have no role to play. They can expand within a fossil fuel system,
reducing overall emissions. But without storage the amount we can
integrate in the grid is greatly limited by the stochastically variable
output. We could, perhaps, build out a generation of solar and wind and
storage at high penetration. But we would be doing so on an endowment of
fossil fuel net energy, which is not sustainable. Without storage, we
could smooth out variability by building redundant generator capacity over large
distances. But the additional infrastructure also forces the EROEI down
to unviable levels. The best way to think about wind and solar is that
they can reduce the emissions of fossil fuels, but they cannot eliminate
them. They offer mitigation, but not replacement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm 11.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Nor is this to say there is no value
in energy storage. Battery systems in electric vehicles clearly offer
potential to reduce dependency on, and emissions from, oil (provided the energy
is sourced from clean power). Rooftop solar power combined with four
hours of battery storage can usefully timeshift peak electricity demand,<sup>3</sup> reducing
the need for peaking power plants and grid expansion. And battery
technology advances make possible many of our recently indispensable consumer
electronics. But what storage can’t do is enable significant replacement
of fossil fuels by renewable energy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm 11.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">If we want to cut emissions and
replace fossil fuels, it can be done, and the solution is to be found in the
upper right of the figure. France and Ontario, two modern, advanced
societies, have all but eliminated fossil fuels from their electricity grids,
which they have built from the high EROEI sources of hydroelectricity and
nuclear power. Ontario in particular recently burnt its last tonne of coal,
and each jurisdiction uses just a few percent of gas fired power. This is
a proven path to a decarbonized electricity grid.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm 11.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">But the idea that advances in energy
storage will enable renewable energy is a chimera – the Catch-22 is that in
overcoming intermittency by adding storage, the net energy is reduced below the
level required to sustain our present civilization.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm 11.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #595959; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">BNC Postscript</span></b><span style="color: #595959; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm 11.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">When this article was published
in <i>CiA</i> some readers had difficulty with the idea of a minimum
societal EROI. Why can’t we make do with any positive energy surplus, if
we just build more plant? Hall<sup>4</sup>breaks it down with the example
of oil:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<i><span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Think of a society dependent
upon one resource: its domestic oil. If the EROI for this oil was 1.1:1 then
one could pump the oil out of the ground and look at it. If it were 1.2:1 you
could also refine it and look at it, 1.3:1 also distribute it to where you want
to use it but all you could do is look at it. Hall et al. 2008 examined the
EROI required to actually run a truck and found that if the energy included was
enough to build and maintain the truck and the roads and bridges required to
use it, one would need at least a 3:1 EROI at the wellhead.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=781546152634750606" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><i><span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Now if you wanted to put something in
the truck, say some grain, and deliver it, that would require an EROI of, say,
5:1 to grow the grain. If you wanted to include depreciation on the oil field
worker, the refinery worker, the truck driver and the farmer you would need an
EROI of say 7 or 8:1 to support their families. If the children were to be
educated you would need perhaps 9 or 10:1, have health care 12:1, have arts in
their life maybe 14:1, and so on. Obviously to have a modern civilization one
needs not simply surplus energy but lots of it, and that requires either a high
EROI or a massive source of moderate EROI fuels.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The point is illustrated in the EROI
pyramid.<sup>4</sup> (The <i>blue </i>values are published
values: the <i>yellow </i>values are increasingly speculative.) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizY7X0uHO8A6PqlO2Ythre_jh41hmvGZu5nftLUcJ-y2TDIWVuvKjb0x7uM4oKfflU6ZELX2tmUgUng4Ikf6Z7KDf1JtCwOYoHeSlVDs5IiTRpawZ-pAFT3UP8X7-Uixe-X-ZEgPmsZFuw/s1600/EROEI+%234.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizY7X0uHO8A6PqlO2Ythre_jh41hmvGZu5nftLUcJ-y2TDIWVuvKjb0x7uM4oKfflU6ZELX2tmUgUng4Ikf6Z7KDf1JtCwOYoHeSlVDs5IiTRpawZ-pAFT3UP8X7-Uixe-X-ZEgPmsZFuw/s1600/EROEI+%234.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.principia-scientific.org/images/energetic_needs.jpg" target="_blank"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #333435; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_7" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="energetic needs"
href="http://www.principia-scientific.org/images/energetic_needs.jpg"
target="_blank" style='width:216.75pt;height:153pt;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square' o:button="t">
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</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span></a><span style="color: #595959; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm 11.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #595959; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Finally, if you are interested in
pumped hydro storage, </span><span style="color: #558ed5; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #558ED5; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: "lumm=60000 lumo=40000"; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><a href="http://bravenewclimate.com/2010/04/05/pumped-hydro-system-cost/"><span style="color: #558ed5; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #558ED5; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: "lumm=60000 lumo=40000"; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">a
previous Brave New Climate article</span></a></span><span style="color: #595959; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> by Peter Lang covers the topic
in detail, and the comment stream is an amazing resource on the operational
characteristics and limits of this means of energy storage.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin: 7.5pt 0cm 11.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #595959; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">References</span></b><span style="color: #595959; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin-left: 7.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #595959; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #595959; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Weißbach <i>et al.</i>, <i>Energy</i> <b>52</b> (2013)
210. <a href="http://festkoerper-kernphysik.de/Weissbach_EROI_preprint.pdf"><span style="color: #333435;">Preprint available here.</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin-left: 7.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #595959; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #595959; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Carbajales-Dale <i>et al.,
Energy Environ. Sci.</i> DOI: 10.1039/c3ee42125b<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin-left: 7.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #595959; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #595959; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Graham Palmer, <i>Energy
in Australia: Peak Oil, Solar Power, and Asia’s Economic Growth;</i>Springer
2014.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; margin-left: 7.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #595959; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #595959; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Pedro Prieto and Charles
Hall, <i>Spain’s Photovoltaic Revolution</i>, Springer 2013.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Bio: John Morgan: <i>John is
Chief Scientist at a Sydney startup developing smart grid and grid scale energy
storage technologies. He is Adjunct Professor in the School of Electrical
and Computer Engineering at RMIT, holds a PhD in Physical Chemistry, and is an
experienced industrial R&D leader. You can follow John on twitter
at <a href="https://twitter.com/JohnDPMorgan"><span style="color: #333435;">@JohnDPMorgan</span></a>. </i>First
published in <a href="http://www.raci.org.au/chemaust"><span style="color: #333435;">Chemistry in Australia</span></a><i>.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(250, 251, 252); line-height: 14.65pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span style="color: #595959; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Read more at </span></i><a href="http://theenergycollective.com/barrybrook/471651/catch-22-energy-storage" style="color: #558ed5; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic;">theenergycollective.com</a><i style="color: #558ed5; font-size: 11pt;"> --</i> </span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">the existing large discussion alone is worth it [LMH] </span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-22451949620155439332014-09-05T16:37:00.006+01:002015-08-05T11:31:37.114+01:00ABUNDANCE revisited<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">ABUNDANCE </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> revisited</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Following on the heels of my last post, introducing David Archibald's latest book <i>Twilight of Abundance - why life in the 21st century will be nasty, brutish and short, </i>I was reminded of Peter Diamandis' <i>Abundance - the Future is better than you think</i>, which I posted in May 2012 at http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2012/05/if-you-are-at-all-interested-in-energy.html, with its video link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1NJ9Vv-Y6Q&feature=plcp ,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUTdJu79TxJyLaTNllqXL1_mY3LH-Zp8NRchi15pNddc22juiuESLGRK6RbrcUEtiyQqks5biFY8wxsFeLfgZ3svlm3AFsKh8aWSb17njfB7qfz0DaNeQj0uoWZLETJCqeQDhuh7Qgh1rH/s1600/ABUNDANCE+%232.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUTdJu79TxJyLaTNllqXL1_mY3LH-Zp8NRchi15pNddc22juiuESLGRK6RbrcUEtiyQqks5biFY8wxsFeLfgZ3svlm3AFsKh8aWSb17njfB7qfz0DaNeQj0uoWZLETJCqeQDhuh7Qgh1rH/s1600/ABUNDANCE+%232.png" width="220" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: left;">
by this circular letter by Peter Diamandis, which I quote in full as received:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">" </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">My friend Ray Kurzweil projects the U.S. will meet 100
percent of its electrical energy needs from solar in 20 years.</span></div>
<div style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Elon Musk is a bit more conservative, pegging it at 50
percent in that timeframe.</span></div>
<div style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> While the growth of solar may seem slow to some, it's fair
to say it's in the midst of its "deceptive phase," on the road to
disruption.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> For example, a 30 percent increase in solar energy
production per year, means 1 percent today grows to 1.3 percent in 3 years.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> It also means that in 20 years (7 doublings), we'll see a
128-fold increase.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Either way, if Ray and Elon are even close, there is a
trillion dollars up for grabs (as well as the future of our planet), and the
future is bright.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Let's take a closer look at the converging technologies
driving this future...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The cost of solar panels is dropping exponentially.</span></b></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The first and most important technological change is the
falling cost per watt of silicon photovoltaic cells over the past few decades.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Check out the plummeting cost from $76 in 1977, to less than
$0.36 today.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="clear: left; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnayT1otLe6fLB6so5aQSv8kmhS4SsvVRQqwJMLd-4tvb1NJFtCmCjBJvtEXQDQwuHRSVYBgl_3CViOuW9Q_1rc2d1NZ0JPEiVkVQriIOu54rqWl6XYELkGxDwCv1qwYEaiJxUgmyaBDww/s1600/diamandis+%231.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnayT1otLe6fLB6so5aQSv8kmhS4SsvVRQqwJMLd-4tvb1NJFtCmCjBJvtEXQDQwuHRSVYBgl_3CViOuW9Q_1rc2d1NZ0JPEiVkVQriIOu54rqWl6XYELkGxDwCv1qwYEaiJxUgmyaBDww/s1600/diamandis+%231.png" width="400" /></a></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The International Energy Agency predicts that we will
produce 662 GigaWatts of solar energy by 2035 following a $1.3 trillion
investment in this area, but frankly this estimate is "highly
conservative."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The second technology at play is satellite-Earth imaging,
which enables companies like solar City to make rapid and accurate decisions on
solar panel installations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">These days, an installer can check out your rooftop on
Google Earth and determine in minutes if you are a good candidate.
Super-simple.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Energy Storage Mechanisms Are Improving Rapidly</span></b></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The third key technology transforming our energy economy is battery
storage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The ability to take solar energy captured during the day,
and time-shift it into the night.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Here to the change has been very significant, with a 50%+
reduction over the past four years, and an additional 50%+ reduction by 2020.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJnUfrXKCsyQ0WKG2yA4fdVoRe6TVZbZA_485hHH-WwdJuld5xwGSx35tbrFL555WqJP4ChCFuQ-2SxVMd3502-qFD_-zh9ILfZrvxUqgKhDNknCeAanxmcTh5-m7Yczi1MKdNDwjsmWD1/s1600/diamandis+%232.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJnUfrXKCsyQ0WKG2yA4fdVoRe6TVZbZA_485hHH-WwdJuld5xwGSx35tbrFL555WqJP4ChCFuQ-2SxVMd3502-qFD_-zh9ILfZrvxUqgKhDNknCeAanxmcTh5-m7Yczi1MKdNDwjsmWD1/s1600/diamandis+%232.png" width="320" /></a></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In addition to this ongoing cost reduction, we're about to
see a massive increase in battery production.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tesla's Giga-factory alone will produce 35 Gigawatts worth
of the batteries by 2020, more than 2013's total global battery production
capacity.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3y5ShMNQ4-YUF98KCVJvOnRkc3_6lE5uiK6RD_H_byJH7saWp48aX1acg4AcJUL8BPSgbLAiwODpPeNrJ9YBd4uYKrVpGTnHratzrzpf6W5NPb2dqU9w-KzIQwe-2VDMiGD48xBcPGDEt/s1600/diamandis+%233.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="152" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3y5ShMNQ4-YUF98KCVJvOnRkc3_6lE5uiK6RD_H_byJH7saWp48aX1acg4AcJUL8BPSgbLAiwODpPeNrJ9YBd4uYKrVpGTnHratzrzpf6W5NPb2dqU9w-KzIQwe-2VDMiGD48xBcPGDEt/s1600/diamandis+%233.png" width="320" /></a></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Electric Vehicles (EVs)</span></b></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tesla's Gigafactory also supports the production of 500,000
electric vehicles per year.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The rapid rise (see below) of Electric Vehicle (EV)
production will play a critical role as well.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFrPQQMxe_yOsEc00eRX_Bub1M4GW-gjSNjMBcw4s1MRSyoXU-59o_fVY2Pm_56CdXrj6Kx8T3OOx8HjQeKs_ZqvNpOc7StPLDuhipLwRiVm5e-uVqeYukuIvT6lFSjcbwN5SH2Bzrz013/s1600/diamandis+%234.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFrPQQMxe_yOsEc00eRX_Bub1M4GW-gjSNjMBcw4s1MRSyoXU-59o_fVY2Pm_56CdXrj6Kx8T3OOx8HjQeKs_ZqvNpOc7StPLDuhipLwRiVm5e-uVqeYukuIvT6lFSjcbwN5SH2Bzrz013/s1600/diamandis+%234.png" width="320" /></a></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As the number of EVs increases, so too will the availability
of batteries sitting in your driveway.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">These will, in turn, provide a distributed network of
storage capacity able to regulate, allocate, and conserve energy collected from
the sun during the day.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">6 D's: Tying It All Together</span></b></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The convergence of solar, batteries and EVs will democratize
energy production and offer billions of people access to cheap, carbon-neutral
energy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Looking at solar energy thru my 6 Ds paradigm of exponential
technologies may offer some added insights: <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Digitized:</b> How we manufacture, measure, and
control solar electricity has become digitized, and therefore hopped on an
exponential growth path.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Deceptive:</b> Today we are in the deceptive
phase of solar growth. Remember, a 30% increase per year means we are only
7 doublings, or 21 years, away from a 128-fold increase.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Disruptive:</b> With 5,000 times more solar
hitting the Earth's surface in a year than humanity uses today, solar has
plenty of 'head-room' for growth. The UBS study said it well: "Our
view is that the 'we have done it like this for a century' value chain in
developed electricity markets will be turned upside down within the next
10-20 years, driven by solar and batteries."<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Dematerialized:</b> a distributed, pervasive
solar grid will create a far more robust and capable energy grid. Again,
from the UBS report, "(Today's) large-scale power generation, will be
the dinosaur of the future energy system: Too big, too inflexible, not
even relevant for backup power in the long run".<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Demonetized:</b> Ultimately, energy from the Sun
is free. Better yet, the poorest countries in the world are also the
sunniest. Imagine a world where there is a squanderable amount of cheap
and clean energy?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Democratized:</b> As said above, solar scales
globally, available to everyone, even in the poorest countries in the
world.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></li>
<li><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It's Time to Join the Revolution</span></b></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">UBS continues: </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"By 2025, everybody will be able to produce and store
power. And it will be green and cost competitive, i.e., not more expensive or
even cheaper than buying power from utilities. It is also the most efficient
way to produce power where it is consumed, because transmission losses will be
minimized. Power will no longer be something that is consumed in a 'dumb' way.
Homes and grids will be smart, aligning the demand profile with supply from
(volatile) renewables."</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">UBS predicts the payback time for unsubsidized investment in
electric vehicles plus battery storage plus rooftop solar will be around 6 to 8
years by 2020 (see below).<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKkvl2RVsT1_qT2q7fKUo2XtSub2hu3uUXEdQl6-_IC6oFs-b7tCyp_rU0JdTxni6kczzeGCBPT28cqGTb022fOv4BjeU3H2H_IEqK9Pc_SVactAZT9eY8B5r016JcaF4O015bltxPB1oq/s1600/diamandis+%235.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="119" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKkvl2RVsT1_qT2q7fKUo2XtSub2hu3uUXEdQl6-_IC6oFs-b7tCyp_rU0JdTxni6kczzeGCBPT28cqGTb022fOv4BjeU3H2H_IEqK9Pc_SVactAZT9eY8B5r016JcaF4O015bltxPB1oq/s1600/diamandis+%235.png" width="320" /></a></span><br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From my perspective, solar must be considered a central
driver for our future economy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">How will this affect your business? Industry? Life? If this
area is of interest to you, I have put together a mastermind of CEOs,
executives, entrepreneurs, and forward-thinkers called Abundance 360 who meet
on a regular basis to learn, debate and share these types of ideas. <a href="http://a36.ontraport.com/c/s/U9Q/v9uY/6/y/kTa/62krtw/vCHvapRaNh">If
interested, you can apply here</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>P.S.</b> Each week, I write a blog on exciting emerging technologies and trends. Sign up at <a href="http://a36.ontraport.com/c/s/U9Q/v9uY/s/2/kTa/62krtw/vfas3K27nm">AbundanceHub.com</a> to ensure you don't miss them.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">All the best,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Peter </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large; text-indent: 0cm;">"</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cheers! </span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-65142701513486345532014-08-27T17:32:00.001+01:002015-12-05T11:23:21.315+00:00TYGER GROWL<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 37.3333320617676px;">TYGER^3 </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 37.3333320617676px;">Growl</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Knowing of Burt Rutan
since 2010,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2010/07/burt-rutan-new-presentation.html"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://cleanenergypundit.blogspot.co.uk/2010/07/burt-rutan-new-presentation.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">when I saw this
endorsement on the back cover of David Archibald’s new book,</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip0inbfTw_J_oiGczvjd-GkwC4Ey41nrVRqkDcVHQVl6YQQDAjGri_3qi_PwMg_t5tyCXIT85dfIa1fJDa2K-fNtpTM_ZErAfdtVRy6d7Nwyshtug4HPYkcL9Pt_1DuxNqW-7B549kGxaO/s1600/TWILIGHT+%232.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="85" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip0inbfTw_J_oiGczvjd-GkwC4Ey41nrVRqkDcVHQVl6YQQDAjGri_3qi_PwMg_t5tyCXIT85dfIa1fJDa2K-fNtpTM_ZErAfdtVRy6d7Nwyshtug4HPYkcL9Pt_1DuxNqW-7B549kGxaO/s1600/TWILIGHT+%232.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p><span style="text-align: center;">I knew I saw another
TYGER MustRead beckoning:</span></span></div>
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<span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_IlOfuX29E2NKkwslc1PB3fKoujdY816nksw1HEm2T0l0Aciou_sGEexEEDEm0URaiYK-GcOfYDLQAjVKg9gfJU51F0F1R7bRlm168G2BAwKN1XU-CE0djx2uUULJX4YzRXqaMewkYdtD/s1600/TWILIGHT+%231.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_IlOfuX29E2NKkwslc1PB3fKoujdY816nksw1HEm2T0l0Aciou_sGEexEEDEm0URaiYK-GcOfYDLQAjVKg9gfJU51F0F1R7bRlm168G2BAwKN1XU-CE0djx2uUULJX4YzRXqaMewkYdtD/s1600/TWILIGHT+%231.png" width="276" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Regnery Publishing, Washington DC, 2014</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">and so it turned out. I let excerpts from the first two chapters speak for themselves, before giving the wider scope by showing the table of comments:</span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
***********************************</div>
</div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“Do we live in a special
time in which the laws of physics and nature are suspended?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #eeeeee;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">.</span></span> No, we do not.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #eeeeee; font-size: xx-small;">.</span> Can we expect the
relationship between the Sun’s activity and climate, which we can see in data
going back several hundred years, to continue for at least another twenty
years?</span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> With absolute certainty,
we can.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The Sun drives climate.
The demonstrated relationship between solar activity and climate predicts a
severe cooling out to at least the year 2040 – that is, for the next quarter of
a century or so.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Meanwhile, changes in the
atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration will have a minuscule effect on
climate. Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide is not even a little bit bad. It
is, in fact, wholly beneficial. The more carbon dioxide we can put into the
atmosphere, the better life on Earth will be for human beings and all other living
things.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> If all that is true, you
will ask, how is it that the United Nations-derived Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) came up with its icecap-melting prediction of a 6°C increase in average global
temperature by the end of this century?” …<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> “The UN-EU establishment
that gave us the global warming scare in order to establish a new world order
(after the fall of Communism) …. was necessary … to negate the triumph of
liberal democracy that Francis Fukuyama predicted in 1992. As a belief system, global warming gave its
adherents some of the basics in spiritual nourishment – original sin, the fall
from grace, absolution, redemption, and sacrifice, to name a few…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> “It is one thing for the
UN-EU bureaucrats to conspire against the productive elements of society. Nothing less is expected of them. Similarly,
individual scientists selling their miserable souls for thirty pieces of silver
is also completely understandable, and nothing new. What has been extremely disappointing
is the learned societies, professional societies, and other scientific
institutions accepting the global warming hoax without question, even though a
moment’s consideration would have shown that the premise is laughable.
Evidently global warming filled a sort of emptiness, a hollowness in many men’s
souls. Perhaps if people come to see through this con job and understand the
psychology behind their irrational belief, they will not be so gullible when
the next one comes along.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> “Global warming did serve
a couple of useful purposes. The issue has been a litmus test for our political
class. Any politician who has stated a belief in global warming is either a
cynical opportunist or an easily deluded fool. In neither case should that politician
ever be taken seriously again. No excuses can be accepted.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> “Plato said, “The penalty
good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.”
There is precious little time left to remain indifferent.” </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="text-align: center;"> ***********************************</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoF5XBUxVUwB_4ewW6tGsqIQ6okJOIL7Tyk6aIDdQtndct6Ch180bBkvOG0DT9iBweWLJV4VdiDAcisBTimxHsbNTS_RMGqlFqogjnpp0Q-geYbrF8fbEw3dWJaRxF59vvcTKtbfb66Rha/s1600/TWILIGHT+%233.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoF5XBUxVUwB_4ewW6tGsqIQ6okJOIL7Tyk6aIDdQtndct6Ch180bBkvOG0DT9iBweWLJV4VdiDAcisBTimxHsbNTS_RMGqlFqogjnpp0Q-geYbrF8fbEw3dWJaRxF59vvcTKtbfb66Rha/s1600/TWILIGHT+%233.png" width="250" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Go, get yourself a Tyger Read. </span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02864824234006334771noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-781546152634750606.post-81904007224809285472014-08-08T18:30:00.000+01:002016-11-11T17:33:35.300+00:00BLOG LOG<div class="MsoNormal">
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<span style="font-family: "bauhaus 93";"><span style="font-size: x-large;">BLOG LOG</span><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">09-Sep-09</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">CLEAN ENERGY Primer</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/kxzj23s"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/kxzj23s</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">12-Jan-10</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2009 YEAR END MUSINGS *</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/pddpshy"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/pddpshy</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">01-May-10</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">PROLOGUE - DEAD HORSE TRADING
</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/km62uvb"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/km62uvb </span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">05-Jul-10</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">BURT RUTAN: NEW
PRESENTATION </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/p2rw2fj"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/p2rw2fj</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">5</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">24-Jul-10</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">OIL GIANT GAVE £1 MILLION TO
SCEPTICS </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/oc5zshz"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/oc5zshz</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">6</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">18-Oct-10</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">HERMANN SCHEER - RIBA Lecture 22
APRIL 2008</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/qhfcwe6"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/qhfcwe6</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">7</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">13-Dec-10</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">SUSTAINABILITY
PRIMER </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/o3b7lm2"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/o3b7lm2</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">8</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">04-Aug-11</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Is there a Greenhouse Effect on
Venus? </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/ofgk5uc"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/ofgk5uc</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">9</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">04-Oct-11</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">THE WEST IS FACING A SEVERE
RECESSION </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/q4rtmvf"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/q4rtmvf </span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">10</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">26-Apr-11</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">CIVIC ENERGY
MUSINGS </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/pem2jx8"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/pem2jx8</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">11</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">31-Jan-12</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">SUSTAINABILITY
ctd </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/onhlb3n"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/onhlb3n</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">12</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">31-Jan-12</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">THE WEST IS FACING A SEVERE
RECESSION ctd </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/p7p5tp6"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/p7p5tp6</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">13</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">20-Apr-12</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">CLIMATE SPCEPTICISM - A SICKNESS?
</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/p87lh57"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/p87lh57</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">17-May-12</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ABUNDANCE - </span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">DIAMANDIS and
KOTLER <i> </i></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/oyyyah4"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/oyyyah4</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">15</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">15-Aug-12</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">SNIPPETS + QUESTIONS #1
</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/m7owttb"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/m7owttb</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">16</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">17-Aug-12</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A REALITY
CHECK </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/lbayqc9"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/lbayqc9</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">17</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">27-Aug-12</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A REALITY CHECK #2 </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/kdnhkfe"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/kdnhkfe</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">18</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">26-Sep-12</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">THE ENERGY IMPERATIVE</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> Hermann
Scheer </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/m4lsr9b"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/m4lsr9b</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">19</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">01-Oct-12</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">NUCLEAR MUSINGS </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/ok75nzp"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/ok75nzp</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">20</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">16-Oct-12</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">NUCLEAR MUSINGS
ctd </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/n9wwajt"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/n9wwajt</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 21;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">21</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">23-Nov-12</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">TRUE GRID </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/ljl3y4l"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/ljl3y4l</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 22;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">22</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">04-Jan-13</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2013 NEW YEAR MUSINGS (N
Taleb: ANTI FRAGILE)</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/n97pohh"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/n97pohh</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 23;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">23</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">23-Jan-13</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">SNIPPETS & QUESTIONS #2
CLIMATE MODELS </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/n7kvbff"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/n7kvbff</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 24;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">24</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">02-Feb-13</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">SNIPPETS & QUESTIONS #2 --
COMMENTS</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/nehknwp"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/nehknwp</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 25;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">25</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">07-May-13</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">SNIPPETS & QUESTIONS #2
-- SOME ANSWERS </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/mttgz26"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/mttgz26</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 26;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">26</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">23-May-13</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Twenty Facts about
CO2 </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/nxkrtpu"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/nxkrtpu</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 27;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">27</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">11-Jul-13</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">SAMIZDAT </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/p9brr9e"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/p9brr9e</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 28;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">28</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">13-Aug-13</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">REALITY CHECK
#3 </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/qx9l7j8"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/qx9l7j8</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 29;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">29</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">14-Aug-13</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">GLEICHSCHALTUNG </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/mro3dhg"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/mro3dhg</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 30;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">30</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">25-Aug-13</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">TYGER </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/p3pnfjc"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/p3pnfjc</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 31;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">31</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">25-Sep-13</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">THE NEGELCTED SUN </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/ny96obg"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/ny96obg</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 32;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">32</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">02-Nov-13</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">TYGER TYGER
</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/mz8tpnt"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/mz8tpnt</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 33;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">33</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">24-Nov-13</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">TYGER
Cubs </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/kz9qr5h"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/kz9qr5h</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 34;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">34</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">13-Jan-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">REALITY CHECK
#4 </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/o9h67ut"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/o9h67ut</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 35;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">35</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">16-Feb-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">BRAINOLOGY: THE BITS
</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/kl5sfo9"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/kl5sfo9</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 36;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">36</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">22-Feb-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">REALITY CHECK #6: THIS GLOBAL
VILLAGE </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/n4pqpsn"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/n4pqpsn</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 37;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">37</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">07-Mar-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">TYGER of TYGERs #1
</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/kyepd6b"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/kyepd6b</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 38;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">38</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">02-Apr-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">TYGER of TYGERs
ctd </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/mg35n3z"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/mg35n3z</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 39;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">39</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">05-Apr-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">WHY? </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/q8wqosa"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/q8wqosa</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 40;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">40</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">13-May-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">BRAINOLOGY: THE BYTES
</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/pdy7eka"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/pdy7eka</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 41;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">41</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">05-Jun-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">EATING THE
SUN </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/ot2hlp4"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/ot2hlp4</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 42;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">42</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">21-Jun-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">TYGER SPOORS -
UBUNTU </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/nu44mng"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/nu44mng</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 43;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">43</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">29-Jul-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">TYGER LAIR <i>TRAGEDY
& HOPE </i> </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/orwzfjj"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/orwzfjj</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 44;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">44</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">08-Aug-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">BLOG
LOG </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/p5ozgq8"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/p5ozgq8</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 45;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">45</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">27-Aug-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">TYGER
Growl </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/ptgrz34"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/ptgrz34</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 46;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">46</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">05-Sep-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ABUNDANCE</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> revisited </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/pcgjn6l"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/pcgjn6l</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 47;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">13-Sep-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">REALITY CHECK
#6 </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/p7xb5se"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/p7xb5se</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 48;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">48</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">14-Sep-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">THORIUM ?
</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/ndht7bm"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/ndht7bm</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 49;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">49</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">22-Sep-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">WHO FUNDS THE
EUROPEAN SCIENCE FOUNDATION </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/mgg58da"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/mgg58da</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 50;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">50</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">28-Sep-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">EROEI or IOU ?</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/obhq3w9"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/obhq3w9 </span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 51;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> 51</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">02-Oct-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">TYGER FOUND</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/pcw3zwx"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/pcgjn6l</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 52;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">52</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">15/-Nov-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">TYGER TYGER IN THE SUN</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/p6ra4f3"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/p6ra4f3</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 53;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">53</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">01-Dec-14 </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">GOOGLY REALITY CHECK ?</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/o3ag2mp"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/o3ag2mp</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 54;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">54</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">05-FEB-14</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">GLOBAL WARMING UN-FUNNELLED</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/naexuho"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/naexuho</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 55;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">55</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">01-MAY-15</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">SPRING CLEANING - of MEMES</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 167px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 125.0pt;" width="167">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/n63jwwr"><span style="color: #015782; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/n63jwwr</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 56;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">56</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">01-JLY-15</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">THE BIRTH OF THERMODYNAMICS</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/pvzva68"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/pvzva68</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 57;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">57</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">01-AUG-15</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">TYGER ANGRY</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/pufzloc"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/pufzloc</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 58;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">58</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">17-AUG-15</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">MIDSUMMER MUSINGS</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/nbfc2qo"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/nbfc2qo</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 59;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">59</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">05-OCT-15</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">BUCKMINSTER FULLER - more relevant than
ever </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/p2ty8sc"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/p2ty8sc</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 60;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">60</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">09-NOV-15</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">IDIOT GUIDE TO GLOBAL WARMING</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/qjxakew"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/qjxakew</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 61;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">61</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">18-DEC-15</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">MOONSHINE IS BLINDING</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/k6vlcma"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/k6vlcma</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 62;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">62</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">23 FEB 16</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">TYGER
EUREKA</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/jto2fyr"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/jto2fyr</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 63;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">63</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
30 MAY 16</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">LACUNA
DIVE</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/j63wwmh"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/j63wwmh</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 64;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">64<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">07 JLY 16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">LACUNA
TROVE<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/hx8hny9"><span style="font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/hx8hny9</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 65;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">65<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">09 AUG 16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 5.0cm;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">TYGER…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132">
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/gppob7v"><span style="font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/gppob7v</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">66<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">22 AUG 16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">BREXIT
MUSINGS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/h7uojnj"><span style="font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://tinyurl.com/h7uojnj</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">67<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">05 SEP 16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">TYGER
in WOLFE’s CLOTHING<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/zomw425"><span style="font-size: 6.0pt;">http://tinyurl.com/zomw425</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">68 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">25 OCT 16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">DOOR
METEN TOT WETEN<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic",sans-serif; font-size: 6.0pt;"><a href="http://tinyurl.com/hageejy">http://tinyurl.com/hageejy</a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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